Background Simulation-based education is essential in nursing education to build clinical competencies. However, in Bangladesh, teaching remains mostly traditional with limited simulation-based learning. This gap hinders the development of critical thinking (CT) and clinical reasoning (CR), significant for safe patient care. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of scenario-based simulation in improving CT and CR among nursing students in post-operative care in Bangladesh. Methods This prospective, open-label, parallel (1:1) randomized controlled trial was conducted from January to March 2025 with second-year nursing students in a nursing college. After lectures, participants were randomly allocated into an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG) based on knowledge pre-test scores. The IG received scenario-based simulation training for one week, while CG received traditional skills training. Post-test evaluations measured knowledge, skills, CT, CR, and reflection using the researcher-developed questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and the Mann–Whitney U test. Quantitative data was done by content analysis. Results Out of 64 students, 58 (IG = 29, CG = 29) completed the study, mostly females aged 18 to 23 with no prior clinical and post-operative practice experience. The primary outcome as the overall total score of CT, CR and skill was statistically significant between the groups (p < 0.001). The IG showed statistically significant improvements in knowledge, skills, CT and CR (all, p < 0.001). Reflections highlighted that IG students reported more confidence, engagement, and were willing to apply their skills and knowledge during clinical practice, while CG students noted knowledge gain but struggled with skills development. Conclusions Scenario-based simulation significantly enhanced CT and CR among nursing students. Future studies should explore its impact across specialties and in long-term practice. With sufficient resources and institutional support, it recommended a significant strategy for nursing education in resource-limited settings such as Bangladesh. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06751446, 2024-12-20
•This research work discussed the corrosion behavior of Nano coatings on stainless steel by measuring the corrosion rate via the weight loss method.•As a result, the plating of the nanocomposite based on thin-film technology establishes high-performance functional Nano coatings for corrosion resistance. Thus, minimize the costs of repairs due to corrosive damage, avoid service retardation and operation failure of the equipment, and save lives from injuries caused by weathered equipment and facilities.•The plating of the nanocomposite through the dip-coating method based on thin-film technology provides good corrosion resistance. The three-component mixtures of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and polyamide were formed in various ratios.•The thin film of nanocomposite was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) from various researchers. TiO2: ZnO: Polyamide mixture ratio (0.276:0.200:0.524) indicates the minimum weight loss in the corrosive environment (0.921), so it was selected as the optimum mixture for coatings.
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In semi-arid regions, reduced river flows present is a major challenge in water resources management. We present a new standardized contribution of rainfall to runoff index (SCRI) for evaluating changes in rainfall contribution to river flow. We employ the standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized discharge index (SDI) and SCRI to characterize meteorological drought, hydrological drought and land-use change impacts on river flow, respectively. These indices are applied to the Mond River Basin (Iran), which is regulated by the Salman Farsi and Tangab dams since 2006. A new concept called "mirage water" is proposed that represents the reduced water delivery to downstream areas due to new developments and water withdrawals in headwater tributaries. In particular, mirage water accounts for changes in upstream water consumption between the planning phase and construction/operation life of dams. We recommend that this concept be used for communication with decision-makers and managers to clarify the need for revising dimensions of planned dams.
Corrosion of the piping system is a genuine problem in the oil and gas industry. Most oil and gas industries used a carbon steel pipeline for the transportation of crude oil, which is affected by CO2 corrosion. Now a day, the computational approach and artificial neural network approach will be used to study the corrosion rate. Therefore, in this work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) studies on piping systems were made to determine the corrosion rate induced by CO2 saturated aqueous solutions on carbon steel pipeline. In CFD study, corrosion rates were computed by modeling the electrochemical processes occurring at the metal substrate from cathodic reductions of the carbonic acid and hydrogen ions, and the anodic oxidation of the metal component. Also, an artificial neural network study was made using a multilayer perceptron neural network method; and, computational fluid dynamics and artificial neural network simulations were validated with in-house built experiment set-up. The experimental study had been carried out for more than 200-h to find the corrosion rate on the pipeline, and satisfactory trends were observed between computational fluid dynamics, artificial neural network, and experimental values. In the end, corroded pipes were observed under a scanning electron microscope and x-ray spectroscopy, and the corroded zones were viewed as against the non-corroded pipe.
