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The report examines legal and regulatory challenges arising from the emergence of digital assets. The aim is to frame future legal and regulatory discussions around digital assets, as well as to identify general trends and concepts across jurisdictions rather than to provide granular analysis of any given jurisdiction’s legal position. Key highlights: - Existing taxonomies of digital assets developed by national and international authorities have failed to fully capture the relevant features of digital assets and the true novelty introduced by crypto assets. Regulatory authorities should focus on the substance of the underlying asset and the rights associated with it, rather than its form, unless the form changes the substantive nature of the asset. - Digital assets, for the most part, pertain to existing and well-known legal concepts: they effectively represent a set of rights embodied in a new digital form. Consequently, the regulatory perimeter for regulating digital assets and associated activities should be determined by identifying the legal concept(s) behind a given digital asset. - However, digital assets may warrant adjustment or revisions to existing legislation, in particular whether digital assets are fitting objects of property rights. Generally, further clarification may be needed from national legislatures on the legal recognition of purely digital objects to understand whether (and how) dealing with a digital token has legal consequences for real world rights. In particular whether intangible, digital representation can be recognized as an object of property rights.
The prevalence of high blood pressure in children is increasing, with health consequences reaching into adulthood. Individual-level interventions may help address the burden of high blood pressure at a population level, but there is less evidence from pediatric settings. To assess the effectiveness of school- or community-based lifestyle interventions to reduce high blood pressure in children (aged 3-18 years) and identify components that support effectiveness. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed were searched for studies from June 2013 to March 2024. Randomized clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies were assessed using the following strict inclusion criteria: longer than 6-month intervention duration, participants aged 3 to 18 years, major aim to modify cardiometabolic risk, and measurement of blood pressure before and after the intervention. Interventions aimed at specific patient groups were excluded. Quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Blood pressure before and after the intervention was extracted, with the mean difference in blood pressure recorded. Data analysis was performed from June 2023 to July 2024. A total of 27 studies were included, of which 13 reported a beneficial effect on blood pressure; 24 studies targeted physical activity, 15 targeted nutrition, 16 targeted education, and 11 included family involvement. Of 14 multicomponent studies, 9 reported a beneficial effect on blood pressure. In this systematic review, results indicate that lifestyle interventions can have a beneficial effect on blood pressure in the pediatric population, with multicomponent designs targeting both physical activity and nutrition showing the most promise. Future research should aim to further clarify intervention design and physical activity dosage, feasibility, and scalability, along with the long-term success of interventions that promote healthy blood pressure in children.
ABSTRACT Factors like pricing, transmission expansion, and capacity planning rely on accurate power demand forecasts. This paper intends to utilize time‐series models to forecast the peak electricity demand of Jordan's power grid amidst its energy transition, offering insights into necessary expansion and system adjustments over the next decade It explores the relationship between the country's peak load fluctuations over the last three decades and examining factors including the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and population growth. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Explanatory Variable (ARIMA‐X), are employed to forecast yearly peak loads, which are also compared with linear regression, providing an enhanced understanding of power generation and network expansion needs for the coming decade. The results show strong correlations between peak load, population growth, and GDP, with the models proving effective in forecasting future peak loads, albeit with caution regarding ARIMA‐X. Projections suggest a potential 41% increase in peak load by 2035, reaching around 5300 MW in 14 years. Assuming consistent growth rates in population and GDP, the projections of the peak load also indicate that the peak load might reach twice its current level in the next 2 to 2.5 decades.
The recent introduction of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has opened new opportunities for human–GenAI co-creation, in which humans and GenAI collaborate to produce creative outcomes. However, our findings indicate that mere integration does not guarantee augmented learning—the foundation for the continuous improvement of joint creativity over time. Effective integration depends on how well humans understand and collaborate with GenAI. We propose a two-step approach. First, organizations should critically assess GenAI’s strengths and limitations, recognizing its capacity to analyze data and generate diverse ideas, but also its lack of contextual and emotional understanding. Second, organizations should design targeted strategies and training programs that cultivate employees’ skills in Idea Co-Development—a co-creation activity in which humans and GenAI engage in critical feedback exchanges and the joint refinement of generated ideas. Our study demonstrates that even basic explanations and examples of Idea Co-Development significantly enhance joint creativity, suggesting that formal training with contextualized exercises can further amplify results. From a policy and design perspective, GenAI developers should build systems that actively support co-creative interaction through features such as feedback loops and prompts for elaboration. Together, these organizational and technological initiatives can foster more effective, sustained, and creative human-GenAI collaboration.
Using model-free skewness measures that exploit the asymmetry in semivariances and option data from the over-the-counter currency market, we find that buying currencies with a high skewness risk premium (SRP) and selling currencies with a low SRP generates high returns and a Sharpe ratio. Asset pricing tests-which control for omitted variables and measurement errors-show that a SRP factor enters the currency pricing kernel and is central to the pricing of risks inherent in a broad currency cross section of 60 portfolio excess returns. These results imply that skewness risk is a strong and priced source of currency risk.
