Human excellence is defined as the core of a person’s optimal character at a particular stage of development. One framework proposed to foster human excellence consists of competence, compassion, conscience, and commitment (4Cs). This study profiles students’ character development based on the Human Excellence framework by identifying developed and underdeveloped indicators within each core. Data were collected from the responses of open-ended questions given by 91 students. The written responses were analyzed through qualitative coding and thematic categorization to identify patterns related to students’ character development based on the Human Excellence Core. To aid interpretation and improve readability, the frequency of emerging themes was presented descriptively in percentages. The results indicate that the indicators of physical health and motivation and study habit (competence core), generosity by helping others (compassion), justice (conscience), and gratitude and living faith in daily life (commitment) are the most developed indicators. Meanwhile, the indicators of reflective thinking (competence), empathy (compassion), respect (conscience), and self-awareness (commitment) are the underdeveloped indicators. These findings suggest that student-related, pedagogical, and cultural factors may contribute to the underdevelopment of certain indicators. Accordingly, reflective learning is proposed as a potential pedagogical intervention to support the development of human excellence.
Dave Aftandilian, Barbara A. Ambros, and Aaron S. Gross (eds.), Animals and Religion (New York and London: Routledge, 2024) 302 pp., $52.99 (pbk), ISBN: 9781032330181.
Let k is an element of(L-1+L-infinity)(R-n), where, as usual, L-1(R-n) denotes the class of Lebesgue-integrable functions on R-n and L-infinity(R-n) denotes the class of functions on R-n that are Lebesgue-measurable and bounded almost everywhere. Given f is an element of (L-1 boolean AND L-infinity)(R-n), set (T(k)f)(x) = integral(n)(R) k(x-y)f(y)dy, x is an element of R-n. We study inequalities of the form rho(T(k)f) <= C sigma(f), in which C > 0 is independent of f is an element of (L-1 boolean AND L-infinity)(R-n). The functionals rho and sigma are so-called rearrangement-invariant (r.i.) norms on M+(R-n), the class of nonnegative measurable functions on R-n. Results first proved in the general context of r.i. norms are both specialized and expanded upon in the special case of Orlicz norms. Crown Copyright (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Previous research has found that most people want to change their big five personality traits. Moreover, these change goals predict actual growth in corresponding traits. However, one major concern that often arises in intensive longitudinal research is keeping measures as short as possible, to minimize survey length—and consequently reduce participant reactivity and fatigue. This paper describes the results of a 16-wave, intensive/weekly longitudinal study ( N = 662) in which participants self-reported their traits and change goals using [1] the 60-item (C-)BFI2, [2] the 30-item (C-)BFI2S, [3] the 15-item (C-)BFI2XS, and [4] the 10-item (C-)TIPI. Results indicated that shorter measures of traits and change goals predicted cross-sectional, concurrent outcomes with relatively equal validity, as compared to longer measures. In contrast, longer measures of both traits and change goals were superior to shorter ones when examining longitudinal/predictive effects (e.g., test–retest reliability, growth models, or within-person correlations). Thus, this research elucidates that measure selection should depend on the goals and design of particular studies (e.g., cross-sectional research can likely use short measures without consequence, whereas longitudinal studies likely need longer measures to reliably detect effects).
We present the first threefold differential measurement for neutral-pion multiplicity ratios produced in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic electron scattering on carbon, iron, and lead nuclei normalized to deuterium from CLAS at Jefferson Lab. We found that the neutral-pion multiplicity ratio is maximally suppressed for the leading hadrons (energy fraction z -> 1), suppression varying from 25% in carbon up to 75% in lead. An enhancement of the multiplicity ratio at low z and high p(T)(2) is observed, suggesting an interconnection between these two variables. This behavior is qualitatively similar to the previous twofold differential measurement of charged pions by the HERMES Collaboration and, recently, by CLAS Collaboration. The largest enhancement was observed at high p(T)(2) for heavier nuclei, namely, iron and lead, while the smallest enhancement was observed for the lightest nucleus, carbon. This behavior suggests a competition between partonic multiple scattering, which causes enhancement, and hadronic inelastic scattering, which causes suppression.
