Cebu Normal University

This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research on domination in graph theory from 1961 to 2024, based on Scopus-indexed publications retrieved using the query (dominating OR domination) AND graph. The analysis examines publication trends, key contributors, collaboration patterns, citation impact, and emerging research themes. Results indicate a significant and sustained increase in research output, particularly in recent decades. Henning, M.A., Hedetniemi, S.T., and Haynes, T.W. are identified as the most highly cited researchers, underscoring their foundational contributions to the field. Co-authorship network analysis reveals strong international collaborations, with Sheikhholeslami, S.M. exhibiting the highest total link strength, while the United States emerges as the leading hub for global research partnerships. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identifies four major research clusters: graph algorithms, graph-theoretic foundations, domination variants, and binary graph operations. Notably, recent studies increasingly focus on how domination properties evolve under different graph operations. Citation network analysis confirms the enduring influence of foundational studies while highlighting a shift towards computational and applied methodologies. These findings highlight the transition from theoretical to applied research, emphasizing the role of advanced algorithms, interdisciplinary approaches, and large-scale computational techniques. Future research directions should explore machine learning-based optimization, domination in evolving networks, and applications in cybersecurity, bioinformatics, and large-scale social networks.

This research examined the levels of professional competence, institutional support, and instructional practices of special education and receiving teachers in selected public schools under the Cebu City Division during the School Year 2025-2026, and examined the relationships among these variables as bases for an intervention plan. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, and data were gathered from 42 teacher respondents using adapted survey questionnaires that measured teachers’ competence across seven professional domains, the extent of institutional support, and instructional practices in special needs education settings. The findings revealed very high levels of professional competence and instructional practices across all measured dimensions, while institutional support was perceived to range from moderate to high in terms of administrative support, working conditions, professional development opportunities, and collaboration and support networks. Statistical analysis showed a strong positive relationship between teachers’ professional competence and their instructional practices, whereas no significant relationship was found between institutional support and instructional practices. Based on these results, the study concludes that teachers’ professional competence plays a vital role in ensuring effective instructional practices in special needs education settings, providing a sound basis for the proposed intervention plan aimed at strengthening teacher competence, reinforcing institutional support, and sustaining effective inclusive classroom practices.

Coastal ecosystems support high levels of marine biodiversity and provide essential services, including shoreline protection, carbon sequestration, and fisheries production. Silot Bay, Liloan, Cebu, Philippines, is an ecologically and socio-economically important embayment; however, biodiversity assessments in the area remain sparse and temporally fragmented. This study presents a narrative review with structured literature search elements to synthesize available ecological studies on major taxonomic groups, including mangroves, fish, meiofauna, and algae, and to evaluate methodological consistency among studies retrieved from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Philippine E-Journals, and institutional repositories from local universities. A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria, the majority of which were conducted prior to 2000, with post-2000 research limited to a single study on algal communities. Substantial variation in sampling methods, effort, spatial coverage, and taxonomic resolution constrains direct comparison across studies and limits interpretation of temporal patterns. Differences in reported species richness and community composition are evident across taxa; however, these patterns cannot be confidently attributed to ecological change due to methodological inconsistencies and limited data availability. The small number of studies and reliance on partially inaccessible historical data further restrict the establishment of a reliable biodiversity baseline for Silot Bay. Overall, this review highlights significant knowledge gaps and emphasizes the need for standardized, multi-taxa biodiversity assessments to support long-term monitoring and evidence-based coastal management.

This study made use of qualitative design as methods in describing the practice of contractualization in the Philippine government through the State University X Experience. State University X is a state university whose funding is annually allocated by the State. It has recently observed contractualization which best describes the practice in the government institutions in the Philippines. The researchers utilized narratives as quantitative data gathered through interviews. Interviews are made with persons directly involved with the practice of contractualization in the administrative and academic offices of the selected Higher Educational Institutions. There are a total of twelve (12) key informants for the study. The key informants are composed of the following: four guest lecturers, four agency-based administrative staff and four janitor or maintenance staff. It has been found out that contractualization is commonly practiced in entire range of the Philippine government. Although contractualization practices depend on the local policies of each government agency, there is a need for the Civil Services Commission to rationalize national policies concerning the practice of contractualization in the Philippine government to protect the best interest of the government and to uplift the welfare of the Filipinos.

Effective leadership among youth government officials is crucial to fostering accountable, participatory governance at the grassroots level. However, limited research has explored how leadership styles and good governance practices influence effective leadership in youth-led public service. This study examined the relationships among leadership styles, good governance practices, and effective leadership among youth government officials. A cross-sectional research design using a standardized survey was employed with 332 youth government officials across local government units in Central Visayas, Philippines. A partial least squares structural equation modeling approach was employed to examine the direct and indirect relationships among the variables. The path analysis showed that transactional leadership style significantly predicted all five dimensions of good governance: transparency, participation, accountability, rule of law, and continuous implementation. Meanwhile, the transformational leadership style has a significant influence on the rule of law, rather than on other governance dimensions. Regarding the predictors of effective leadership, significant effects were found from transparency, accountability, and the rule of law, indicating their strong contribution to youth leadership effectiveness. The findings conclude that transactional leadership exerts a more substantial influence on good governance practices than transformational leadership, particularly in promoting transparency, participation, accountability, the rule of law, and continuous implementation. This implies that youth leadership training programs should emphasize practical, results-oriented leadership strategies aligned with governance principles to enhance leadership effectiveness in public service.