Bukidnon State University (abbreviated as BSU; colloquially referred to as BukSU) is a state university in Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Philippines. Formerly known as Bukidnon State College, it became a university in 2007; the other university in the province is Central Mindanao University in Musuan, Maramag. BukSU is the only university that carries the name of Bukidnon in its official name.
Access to essential medicines is a cornerstone of public health, yet in many health systems, poorly coordinated supply chains lead to stockouts and losses. Recent policy reforms and partnerships have created momentum for pharmaceutical supply chain integration in Sierra Leone, yet systemic barriers remain. This study explored the facilitators and barriers to pharmaceutical supply chain integration in Sierra Leone. A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with sixteen purposively selected key informants. Participants were drawn from six districts in Sierra Leone and included national supply chain leads, program pharmacists, district pharmacists, and development partners, representing diverse perspectives across policy, implementation, and technical support. Data were analysed deductively through thematic content analysis guided by the Socio‑Technical Systems (STS) framework, which structured interpretation across five constructs: technical facilitators, technical barriers, social facilitators, social barriers, and socio‑technical interactions. Data collection and analysis proceeded iteratively until thematic saturation was reached, with NVivo software used to support coding and data management. Digital platforms, alongside supportive policy frameworks and strong partnerships, emerged as key facilitators, improving data visibility, accountability, and coordination. Capacity-building and collaborative networks further enhanced integration. However, systemic barriers persist, including limited storage capacity, fragmented procurement, seasonal distribution challenges, financing gaps, workforce attrition, and heavy donor dependence. Socio-technical interactions revealed that mistrust over data ownership, policy inconsistency, and reliance on partners often undermined progress in integration. While digital innovations and policy initiatives have advanced pharmaceutical supply chain integration in Sierra Leone, sustainability remains constrained by infrastructural, financial, and workforce limitations. Building a resilient and self‑reliant system requires a balanced approach that addresses both technical and social dimensions. Policy action should prioritise strengthening domestic financing, harmonising procurement systems, and investing in human resource capacity alongside technological upgrades. These measures are critical for building a resilient, self‑reliant, and integrated pharmaceutical supply chain that ensures equitable access to medicines.
Body shaming and weight discrimination remain largely unaddressed in Philippine law and policy despite their significant implications for human dignity, equality, and health. This paper examines how existing statutes, including the Safe Spaces Act (RA 11,313), the Anti-Bullying Act (RA 10,627), and the Cybercrime Prevention Act (RA 10,175), provide partial remedies but fail to explicitly recognize weight or body size as protected categories. While these laws penalize harassment, bullying, and online defamation, their scope is fragmented and enforcement inconsistent. High-profile cases, such as sanctions against public transport operators and electoral candidates, highlight both the potential and the limitations of current mechanisms. Drawing from fat studies scholarship, the commentary situates body shaming within broader systems of stigma and normalization that shape cultural and political life in the Philippines. It argues that meaningful protection requires a dual strategy: strengthening legal frameworks through explicit recognition of weight discrimination, while also advancing cultural change through fat activism and digital resistance. Insights from fat studies on activism as a social movement and emerging work on digital counter-narratives show that legal reforms must be paired with grassroots and cultural initiatives that challenge systemic body-based oppression. By combining legislative protections, institutional safeguards, and activist strategies, the Philippines can move beyond incidental remedies toward structural and cultural change. Establishing comprehensive protections would affirm the state's commitment to dignity and equality for all individuals, while also creating space for collective resistance to body normativity and the celebration of body diversity.
The study examined the employment outcomes of Economics graduates within the Philippine labor market. It determined whether these graduates were employed by public sector organizations such as government agencies, state-owned corporations, and regulatory bodies, or by private institutions, including corporations, banks, consultancy firms, the education sector, and commercial businesses. Beyond sectoral distribution, the research examined the prevailing employment opportunities and specific workplace-related obstacles encountered by the participants. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study utilized structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, with data analyzed through descriptive statistics such as frequency distributions, percentage counts, and rankings. Key findings revealed that the majority of Economics graduates have secured employment predominantly within the industry sector. A significant number of participants work within private employers rather than in government offices and hold permanent or regular positions. Despite this job stability, several obstacles to career progression emerged, most notably a lack of civil service eligibility, insufficient work experience, and technical skill gaps. Furthermore, the findings highlighted that deficits in advanced academic units and a mismatch between educational training and practical job demands remain significant hurdles. Consequently, these identified competency gaps provide the empirical foundation for a proposed curriculum redesign and educational activities intended to align higher education with contemporary industry requirements for sustainable career success and professional mobility.
Ensuring the reliability and resilience of modern web applications remains a critical challenge due to increasing system complexity and dynamic runtime environments. This study proposes a modular self-healing framework based on the monitor-analyze-plan-execute over a shared knowledge base (MAPE-K) model, integrated with an AutoFix-inspired mechanism for adaptive fault recovery. Using a design and development research (DDR) approach, the system was implemented and evaluated through controlled fault injection experiments across twenty runtime failure scenarios, including service crashes, memory leaks, and database disconnections. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieved a mean fault detection F1-score of 90.7
