This article analyses the information literacy (IL) competencies of high-achieving undergraduate students through the lens of undergraduate research celebrations in a North American University. This article focuses on York University’s Undergraduate Research Fair, and shares findings from an analysis of students’ IL award submissions including lower-year (first and second year of university) and upper-year (third and fourth year of university) applicants. Submissions are analysed using a qualitative content analysis approach. The study’s findings point to the positive value of both IL and reference help in building high-achieving undergraduate students’ IL skills. Results indicate important future directions for IL instruction, such as the role of the flipped classroom, and the critical importance of embracing the Association of College and Research Libraries’ (ACRL) Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education to engage undergraduates with high-order IL concepts.
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models to classify network flows and generate human-readable incident reports by retrieving semantically similar historical traffic from a vector knowledge base. However, the retrieval layer introduces vulnerabilities to knowledge poisoning and prompt-injection attacks. We present RAG-IDS, a three-tier multi-agent intrusion detection framework with a retrieval-boundary defense combining soft trust scoring, label-embedding consistency checking (LECC), and prompt sanitization, designed to recover classification quality under retrieval-layer attack. Experiments on CIC-UNSW-NB15 show recovery relative to clean undefended performance ranging from R=1.0 at 1
The quality of medical services in public hospitals is significantly influenced by managerial styles, which shape organizational efficiency, patient satisfaction, and hospital accreditation outcomes. This study examines the impact of managerial leadership styles and organizational characteristics on accreditation performance in Romanian public hospitals. Using survey data from hospital managers, the study employs a structured analytical approach combining Chi-square tests and cross-tabulations, Kendall’s Tau correlations, the Kruskal–Wallis H test, ordinal regression modeling, and exploratory K-means cluster analysis to examine how hospital size, managerial education, employee consultation, team motivation, and access to information are associated with accreditation outcomes. Results indicate that hospital administration type, field of study, and team motivation are significant predictors of accreditation success, while hospital size negatively correlates with accreditation scores, suggesting larger hospitals face greater challenges in meeting accreditation standards. Conversely, employee consultation and information transparency show no statistically significant impact on accreditation performance. These findings highlight the critical role of managerial education and team engagement in achieving higher accreditation outcomes. Strengthening leadership training and team-based quality initiatives could enhance accreditation performance in public hospitals. Policy makers should prioritize managerial development programs and strategic leadership approaches to improve healthcare quality and compliance.
Background/Objectives: Municipal hospitals in transitional health systems operate under structural resource constraints that complicate managerial decision-making and shape patient perceptions. This study examines how patients interpret resource allocation and evaluate the ethical and legitimacy consequences of alternative strategic priorities. Methods: A qualitative research design was employed using semi-structured patient interviews. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling based on predefined inclusion criteria: age over 18, hospitalization for digestive symptoms, undergoing diagnostic investigations, and provision of informed consent. Thematic analysis identified key expectation domains related to technological modernization, workforce capacity, infrastructure, and relational communication. These themes were translated into core governance variables and integrated into a conceptual simulation model comparing three allocation scenarios: technological investment, human resource expansion, and status quo preservation. Results: Findings show that patient evaluations extend beyond satisfaction to include distributive fairness, symbolic modernization, and institutional legitimacy. Simulation findings suggest that technological investment strengthens symbolic legitimacy and perceived equity but may increase workload and fiscal exposure; workforce expansion enhances relational justice and operational stability yet leaves modernization gaps; and status quo preservation maintains short-term fiscal balance while risking gradual legitimacy erosion. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that satisfaction metrics alone are insufficient for governance evaluation. Integrating ethical analysis, organizational legitimacy theory, participatory input, and systems thinking provides a structured framework for assessing resource allocation trade-offs in resource-constrained municipal hospitals.
The presumption that all people experience greenspaces in the same ways and accrue universally positive impacts on health may inadvertently perpetuate social, environmental, and health inequities and uphold systemic barriers to wellbeing. The Park Perceptions and Racialized Realities project explores the experiences of racialized people in public urban greenspaces within a racially diverse Canadian city. This paper focuses on their perceptions of the relationship between greenspace and wellbeing, including barriers and pathways. This qualitative, community-based participatory action research took place in two underserved Toronto neighbourhoods in collaboration with local community organizations. Residents who self-identified as racialized took part in a photovoice project adapted to the online context. Participants visited public urban greenspaces, took photographs and videos in response to prompts and participated in follow-up semi-structured reflective interviews. A collaborative, participatory analysis of the visual and textual data was facilitated with participants to inductively identify key themes from the data, followed by an in-depth thematic analysis of the interviews. Over the course of more than 35 greenspace visits, 18 racialized residents captured over 200 photographs and videos and described public urban greenspaces as essential to their physical, mental, and social wellbeing. However, they also described numerous barriers that hindered positive experiences that could support their health. We situate nine key themes within dimensions of wellbeing to posit an aspirational conceptual diagram, encompassing (1) themes of mental wellbeing (relaxation, nature connection, and extension of home), (2) themes of physical wellbeing (solo activities, group activities, and active transport) and (3) themes of social wellbeing (socializing, belonging, and social capital). We also identify social and structural barriers that hinder these pathways to wellbeing and the salutary effects of greenspaces for racialized communities. The diagram is contextualized within the social, structural, and ecological/ environmental determinants of health. The findings and diagram highlight how a public health approach to equitable environments must attend to intersectional experiences and systemic marginalization. The study contributes insights into the ways that public urban greenspaces may facilitate wellbeing for racialized residents and the barriers to these pathways to support public health professionals, planners, and municipalities to center equity in health-promoting greenspace design, policy, and practice.
