The Center for International Policy (CIP) is a non-profit foreign policy research and advocacy think tank with offices in Washington, D.C. and New York City. It was founded in 1975 in response to the Vietnam War. The Center describes its mission as promoting:"cooperation, transparency and accountability in global relations. Through research and advocacy, our programs address the most urgent threats to our planet: war, corruption, inequality and climate change." The Center is the parent organization for a variety of projects, including the Security Assistance Monitor, the Arms & Security Project, and the Foreign Influence Transparency Initiative. It also has collaborated with the Washington Office on Latin America and the Latin America Working Group to publish the Just the Facts website. The Center is currently the fiscal sponsor of the environmental protection organization, Mighty Earth, and Freedom Forward.Several prominent individuals serve as senior fellows and board members with CIP, including former Costa Rican president Óscar Arias Sánchez, UN ambassador Dessima Williams, Michael Barnes, and Matthew Hoh..
Global survey research increasingly informs high-stakes decisions in AI governance and cross-cultural policy, yet no standardized metric quantifies how well a sample's demographic composition matches its target population. Response rates and demographic quotas – the prevailing proxies for sample quality – measure effort and coverage but not distributional fidelity. This paper introduces the Global Representativeness Index (GRI), a framework grounded in Total Variation Distance that scores any survey sample against population benchmarks across multiple demographic dimensions on a [0, 1] scale. Validation on seven waves of the Global Dialogues survey (N = 7,500 across 60+ countries) finds fine-grained demographic GRI scores of only 0.33–0.36 – roughly 43
Journal Article Science diplomacy in the Global South—an introduction Get access Derya Büyüktanir Karacan, Derya Büyüktanir Karacan Elliott School of International Relations, Institute for International Science and Technology Policy, The George Washington University, 1957 E St NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA *Corresponding author. E-mail: drbuyuktanir@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Pierre-Bruno Ruffini Pierre-Bruno Ruffini EDEHN, University of Le Havre Normandie, University of Le Havre Normandie, 25 rue Philippe Lebon, Le Havre 76600, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Science and Public Policy, scad028, https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scad028 Published: 13 June 2023 Article history Received: 26 February 2023 Editorial decision: 12 March 2023 Corrected and typeset: 13 June 2023 Published: 13 June 2023
This chapter focuses on historical sociologist Charles Tilly, who has synthesized the literature on state formation for the period 990 to 1990. Tilly observes that "war and preparation for war produced the major components of European states." The European experience of state formation can be summarized as follows, using as an arbitrary date the year 1500. The peripheral belt included the Ottoman empire, the Spanish domains, France, England and the Nordic nations, Russia, Poland and Hungary. As Tilly observes, there are reasons to apply the Western experience to non-Western settings. The range of productivity in Africa is smaller, underscoring the lower level of national economic productivity in Africa compared with Europe. Coincidental links between coercion and capital, and between the growth of the state apparatus and urbanization, can be observed. The comments and encouragement of Lee Sigelman and Charles Tilly are gratefully recognized, without in any manner implicating those persons.
Part III narrates instructions on harnessing the power of multicore virtual machine parallel computing environments, suitable for large dataset and heavy computational needs. Also, presents guidance to use the storage cloud (S3) along with computing cloud based on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2).
