中共中央党校

To systematically explore the developmental trajectory and direction of China's ecological compensation in river basins,trace its evolution,clarify research themes,core challenges,and emerging hotspots within this field,and deeply elucidate the intrinsic logic of embedding ecological compensation in river basins within water ecological conservation practices in the new era,this study employs a combined approach of inductive analysis and bibliometric methods.Based on 711 core journal articles in CNKI from 2002 to 2024,this paper uses the CiteSpace software to conduct visual network analysis on annual publication volumes,highly cited literature,author groups,and keyword distributions within this field.Findings indicate that research articles on ecological compensation in river basins exhibit a distribution pattern characterized by initial rapid growth followed by fluctuating decline.Overall,the field boasts a substantial number of researchers,yet frequent shifts in research focus occur due to factors such as interdisciplinary development and changing policy demands,resulting in relatively short sustained attention to individual themes.In terms of research hotspots,academia primarily focuses on core issues including the coordination and systematization of compensation mechanisms,the scientific standardization and differentiation of compensation criteria,and the marketization and diversification of compensation models.

Loop diuretics are the cornerstone of managing congestion in heart failure (HF). It is hypothesized that in heavily congested patients, gut edema may lead to lower bioavailability of oral drugs, including diuretics, which, in turn, may lead to insufficient diuresis. Intravenous (IV) loop diuretics are often required to achieve rapid diuresis due to their high plasma concentrations. However, reliance on IV administration limits options in ambulatory settings, where effective rescue therapies are needed. Bumetanide Nasal Spray (BNS) is a novel formulation designed to overcome absorption challenges and provide rapid, high bioavailability through intranasal administration. This mini-review summarizes the results of the recently presented bioavailability study of BNS conducted in healthy individuals, showing its bioequivalence to oral formulations. Lastly, the paper discusses the potential caveats and limitations of the trial and further perspectives.

There is a process of institutional interaction and systematic coupling for the birth and development of Ar-gonne National Laboratory among the scientific and technological strengths such as the U.S.military,the U.S.gov-ernment,the advanced-level research universities,and the leading high-tech enterprises under the guidance of the na-tional missions,which has formed the unique management practice in this process.There are the characteristics of the management for Argonne National Laboratory:Argonne National Laboratory places emphasis on establishing diversified internal governance approaches in line with the requirement of its tasks;Argonne National Laboratory takes advantage of the strengths of universities to steadily expand its scale and flexibly establish scientific research teams;Argonne Na-tional Laboratory operates on a substantial budget that is primarily funded by the U.S.federal government and also provides competitive remuneration for its employees;Argonne National Laboratory places a strong emphasis on enhan-cing its flexibility,academic and professional expertise in fulfilling the national missions;Argonne National Laboratory is equipped with unique and cutting-edge core facilities for scientific research;Argonne National Laboratory extensive-ly supports the educational activities and serves the economic and social development.There is the primary experience for Argonne National Laboratory:the United States guides Argonne National Laboratory to serve national missions through top-level design;the U.S.Department of Energy provides macro-guidance to Argonne National Laboratory through evaluation and assessment;the University of Chicago provides the strong workforce and management support for the development of Argonne National Laboratory;Argonne National Laboratory responds to diverse needs through multiple types of domestic and international collaborations;in order to adapt to the era of Big Science,Argonne Na-tional Laboratory attaches great importance to optimizing the mechanism of equipment management and operation and maintaining its unique identity.In the course of boosting the national strategic scientific and technological strengths,the relationship between the planning and the freedom,the relationship between the general and the particular,the re-lationship between the subject and the object,and the relationship between the outcome and the condition are of great significance for the Chinese government to deliberate upon,which will exert an influence on the purpose,direction,action,and effectiveness of national strategic scientific and technological strengths.There are some suggestions to boost the Chinese strategic scientific and technological strengths:the Chinese government ought to design the systemat-ic scientific and technological strengths in the center of the national missions;the Chinese government ought to priori-tize evaluating the fulfillment of the missions of the Chinese strategic scientific and technological strengths;the Chi-nese government ought to innovate the collaborative mechanism of different types of Chinese strategic scientific and technological strengths;the Chinese government ought to design and optimize the three-level scientific research coop-eration system between the country,region,and globalization;the national strategic scientific and technological strengths ought to attach importance to the construction of first-class and characteristic facilities for scientific research in the process of fulfilling the national missions;the Chinese government ought to focus on fostering a favorable re-search environment and supporting the growth of young sci-tech talents.