We develop a physics-informed neural-network framework for the inverse scattering problem in nuclear physics and apply it to the P3/2 partial wave of neutron-alpha elastic scattering. The radial potential is represented by a feed-forward network whose output is multiplied by a Gaussian envelope, embedding the finite-range condition directly into the architecture rather than through a soft penalty term. As without the envelope, the optimizer produces potentials with non-vanishing tails and the resulting phase shifts remain inconsistent with the data regardless of training duration, demonstrating that hard structural constraints are indispensable for physically meaningful solutions to nuclear inverse problems. Phase shifts are generated at each scattering energy by numerically integrating the variable-phase equation with a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme, making the entire pipeline end-to-end differentiable. Training converges stably to a loss near 3 & times; 10-4 and recovers a smooth, purely attractive central potential with a well depth of a well depth of-60.48 +/- 0.01 MeV. Adding the centrifugal barrier to the learned potential reveals a well-defined barrier-well structure that naturally accounts for the P3/2 resonance. The extracted resonance parameters, Er = 0.95 MeV and Gamma r = 0.78 MeV, together with the P-wave effective-range parameters, are in good agreement with expected values. A leave-one-out analysis confirms that the reconstruction is stable against the removal of any single data point. These results demonstrate that the proposed physics-informed neural-network framework provides a reliable and interpretable route to potential reconstruction from nuclear scattering data.
We present a general formalism linking modified entropy functions directly to a modified spacetime metric and, subsequently, to an effective matter sector of entropic origin. In particular, within the framework of general relativity, starting from the first law of black-hole thermodynamics we establish an explicit correspondence between the entropy derivative and the metric function, which naturally leads to an emergent stress-energy tensor representing an anisotropic effective fluid. This backreaction effect of horizon entropy may resolve possible inconsistencies recently identified in black hole physics with modified entropies. As specific examples, we apply this procedure to a wide class of modified entropies, such as Barrow, Tsallis-Cirto, Renyi, Kaniadakis, logarithmic, power-law, loop-quantum-gravity, and exponential modifications, and we derive the associated effective matter sectors, analyzing their physical properties and energy conditions.
Mosquito borne diseases affect hundreds of million people each year with a disproportionate impact on developing countries. Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector for viruses that cause dengue, yellow fever and zika. To gain a deep understanding, morphometric analysis of both sexes and the morphology, type and distribution of sensilla and scales of female mosquito were observed using Scanning Electron Microscope. The results showed that the maxillary palp of male are significantly longer than those in females and male antenna are densly covered with hairs compared to female antenna. The sensory mechanism of mosquitoes exerts substantial influence on their host-seeking and oviposition behaviors, facilitating the transmission of diverse diseases to humans. The reported sensilla and scales showed organ specific differences. Nine types of sensilla (three non-olfactory, six olfactory with 22 subtypes) and six types of scales were identified and observed on various regions of body. Most of olfactory sensilla were reported on the head appendages and non-olfactory sensilla on legs and wings. Different types of scales cover almost whole body of mosquito. In this study, the role of sensilla and scales were hypothesized based on comparative analysis with previous research. This study can provide valuable insight into the diversity of sensilla, and scales in female A. aegypti. It also highlights sex specific differences of various body segments in both sexes so, aiding in the development of better repellent or traps to prevent mosquito bites. Studying mosquito scales can provide valuable insight in species identification, sensory adaptation and disease transmission.
Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn., a unique species within the Rutaceae family, has been acknowledged in Asian traditional medicine for its efficacy in treating infections, wounds, bleeding disorders, and vector-borne diseases. This review aims to compile existing knowledge regarding its ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemistry, and pharmacological characteristics to evaluate its therapeutic potential and significance for contemporary drug discovery. Phytochemical investigations indicate that B. albiflora is abundant in essential oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and coumarins, including suberosin, dehydrogeijerin, and murralongin. These compounds exhibit a variety of pharmacological effects. Experimental research has shown the plant to possess significant antioxidant activity (associated with phenolic acids and flavonoids), anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties (attributed to coumarins), as well as antibacterial effectiveness against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The plant also demonstrates antimalarial properties against both chloroquine-sensitive and resistant strains, hepatoprotective effects in vivo, and antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced models. Furthermore, essential oils exhibit strong insecticidal and repellent characteristics, reinforcing its ethnoveterinary and pesticidal uses. B. albiflora is a valuable medicinal resource due to its extensive array of bioactive metabolites and confirmed pharmacological activities. Though classical uses are increasingly supported by experimental evidence, more pharmacological and clinical work must be done to establish safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action. Its potential applications include medicine, nutraceutical design, and eco-friendly pest control.
We propose a minimal extension of the type-I seesaw model to realise leptogenesis from the co-annihilation of dark sector particles. The type-I seesaw model is extended with a singlet fermion and two singlet scalars charged under a Z_2 symmetry. The Z_2-odd singlet scalar is the dark matter candidate. Here the usual type-I seesaw mechanism generates neutrino mass, and a net lepton asymmetry is generated from the co-annihilation of the dark matter and the Z_2-odd singlet fermion. The Z_2-even singlet scalar is important in dark matter phenomenology. Successful leptogenesis is possible at TeV-scale, unlike the vanilla case. This minimal extension provides an elegant explanation of successful leptogenesis with direct connection to the dark matter abundance in the Universe.
