Multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) integrates B-mode, Doppler techniques and microvascular imaging, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and elastography, enhancing diagnostic precision across a wide spectrum of scrotal diseases. Developed under the auspices of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB), these guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for the clinical use of MPUS in scrotal imaging. Based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine framework, this document outlines the diagnostic value of MPUS in acute scrotal pain, trauma, infertility, focal and extratesticular lesions, cryptorchidism, and testicular incidentalomas. The recommendations highlight CEUS as the reference method for vascular assessment and elastography as a complementary tool for tissue characterization. These guidelines aim to standardize MPUS practice and promote its integration into routine scrotal imaging.
How do political lotteries affect choices and outcomes? We study the monthly lotteries used to assign all legislators to deliberation committees in 19th century Belgium. We focus on the period of democratization around the entry of a new, third, and Socialist party. We ask whether random, more extensive exposure to certain MP types affected voting over all roll-call votes between 1892 and 1902, i.e. debating more Socialists, more incumbents, or more of those from majority Flemish-speaking districts. We find small but significant exposure effects on rebelling against the party majority, against the deliberative ideal but along government-opposition logic. Legislatures may similarly limit lottery’s potential today.
This chapter explores the scholarship on three different (but related and complementary) approaches to the topic of migrants and ethnic minorities' political voice in European societies: their civic and political participation; their mobilization in contentious action; and their political representation at the institutional level. We show that studies focusing on the first question have largely attempted to explain their comparatively low levels of engagement in politics, in particular through the focus on individual behaviour. We then show how the literature on migrants' collective actions has focused on the forms, levels and determinants of their protests, exploring more specifically their mobilization dynamics. Finally, we present how the emerging literature that relates to migrants and ethnic minorities' presence in institutions has explored variations in terms of the extent and the content of their political representation. Throughout the chapter, we show that one of the key contributions of the European literature is the use of cross-national comparative approaches that aim to analyse how migrants' political participation is shaped by political opportunities, migration policies, integration regimes and other contextual factors.
This article examines the integrated concepts aiming to address the interconnected issues of human health and the environment, and more precisely the One Health and Planetary Health approaches. Tracing their origins, the article highlights their recent diffusion within international political and professional spheres. Drawing on critical literature, it questions the capacity of these frameworks to respond to contemporary socio-ecological crises, particularly due to their sometimes-reductive framing, ethical foundations, and potential for instrumentalization.
Existing studies on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on elections provide incongruent results. For governments' handling of the pandemic to be a competence signal, voters should believe that incumbents' actions (actual or potential) might have affected the pandemic and its consequences. Using panel data, this paper assesses whether there was retrospective voting in times of COVID-19 in New Zealand and in the USA. By measuring variables of interest at different points in time, our design avoids problems of reverse causality between political characteristics and vote choice. Further, to alleviate concerns of endogeneity between policy evaluations and political dispositions, we rely on two identification strategies. First, we focus on the effects of policy evaluation on vote choice, conditional on partisan identity. Second, we examine the effects of changes in policy evaluation during the pandemic on vote choice. We find that policy evaluation of the governments' response to the pandemic has influenced vote choice for incumbents. Particularly, negative and positive (updates of) evaluations of health policy are associated, respectively, with electoral punishment and reward for incumbents, unlike economic policy evaluation.
