The Centre for Environmental Policy (often abridged as CEP) is a department at Imperial College London in the Faculty of Natural Sciences. Its aim is to influence a wide range of environmental issues through research on the environmental, energy and health aspects of global problems. CEP's current Director is Professor Mark Burgman.
The methodological approach to the creation of a hardware-software solution for debugging and testing of algorithms and control systems of actuators of a glass forming machine in real time mode is presented. Model tests are used to evaluate the compliance of algorithms with technical specifications and their reliability. The tests were carried out on a test bench built on the basis of an industrial sample. On the test bench the operation of the object is modeled, parameters are recorded and transferred to the monitoring system for post-processing. In the course of testing, the component base of various manufacturers available under the sanctions policy was tested. It was confirmed that such a stand can be used for rapid prototyping of control algorithms, semi-natural testing, and training of glass industry specialists. The independent control of the process control system is a contributing factor to the development of industrial equipment engineering and the localization of critical technologies. Consequently, this contributes to the formation of technological sovereignty.
This paper discusses approaches to the efficient use of raw materials, fuel, and energy in chemical industry worldwide. It presents key indicators of material and energy consumption and assesses the potential for improving the resource efficiency of mineral fertilizer producers using ammonia synthesis as a case study. The findings highlight that the primary measures for enhancing resource efficiency in the fertilizer industry include government support for investment projects and initiatives aligned with the principles of Best Available Techniques (BAT), the development of sectoral standards with practical recommendations for applying BAT to improve resource and energy efficiency, the modernization of training programs, and the promotion of research and development focused on optimizing chemical engineering processes.
Objectives . Following the imposition of sanctions against the Russian Federation, which included a ban on thesupply of foreign electronic equipment—including automation systems—to Russian enterprises, the continuingdevelopment of science and technology in Russia became a question of ensuring technological sovereignty accordingto the principle of import substitution. According to plans developed by the Ministry of Industry and Trade of theRussian Federation, the policy of import substitution, including automation systems, will ensure the replacement ofimported equipment with domestic counterparts. Methods . Approaches underlying the joint project of MIREA ‒ Russian Technological University and EnvironmentalIndustrial Policy Center to solve the problems of import substitution are described. Various substitution strategiesavailable in the world experience, as well as objective and subjective obstacles to their implementation in Russia,including the insufficiency of domestic regulatory legal acts and previously formed attachments to importedtechnologies and regulatory frameworks, are considered. Distinctive features of contemporary external relations areadduced to the necessity and urgency of developing technological sovereignty. The main functional requirementsfor a software and hardware platform for developing modern automated control systems (ACS) for mechanicalengineering applications, as well as the required capabilities of an engineering center for solving applied problemsof overcoming import dependence, are described. The components of the production of capital goods (engineering)and its role in the product life cycle are shown. Results . The selection of a pilot engineering object comprising a sectional glass-forming machine, along with asoftware-hardware complex including elements of industrial electronics and ACS, is justified. The main functionalelements of the ACS and their interrelations are shown. Conclusions . The results confirm the necessity of achieving complete import substitution for the creation of digitalproducts. Prospects for cooperation with interested organizations are shown.
A brief description of coal resources in Transbaikalia is given. The issues of thermal and hydrochemical modification of coal from Apsat deposit are discussed. The usability of carbonization, gas–steam activation and alkaline treatment of low-caking coal for the improvement of coal adsorption capacity is determined. The proposed technology of Apsat coal preparation and dressing includes crushing, screening, carbonization and steam activation. The characteristics of the initial and treated coal are presented. The main physicochemical properties of the produced carbon adsorbents are determined. The coal modification parameters are identified. The computer-aided modeling of activated carbon adsorbents based on the quantum–chemical interaction of particles is described. The application areas of high-quality adsorbents in mining waste treatment are specified.
The processing of discarded auto tire casings is considered. A thermal process for the treatment of solid organic wastes is developed. A system with little environmental impact is proposed for low-temperature pyrolysis of the auto tires. The products obtained are carbon black (pyrolytic carbon), oils, liquid fuels (gasoline, diesel fuel, and fuel oil), metal cord, and heating oil. The yield and composition of the main pyrolytic products are determined. The production of fuel granules by pressing carbon black and other plant wastes, as well as a combustion accelerator (ammonium nitrate), is assessed. In addition, adsorbent production by creating tablets from carbon black and heat-treated shungite is considered. The sorptional capacity of such tablets is determined. Formulas for the cleavage strength and density of the pressed material are obtained on the basis of static experiment design. Nomograms are obtained for determining the structure and deformational characteristics of the fuel granules and adsorbent, with variation in the pressing parameters. A production line for fuel granules is developed on the basis of the compaction of carbon black and other plant wastes, so as to obtain the product in plate or briquet form.
