Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a significant global health threat, particularly within the ESKAPE pathogens. Surveillance in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Gabon, remains limited despite reported high rates of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive S. aureus and emerging MRSA clones. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted at two hospitals in Northern (CHRO) and Southeastern (CHUAB) Gabon. Nasal swabs were collected from 200 patients (100 per hospital) upon admission (D0) and serially over 6 days. Environmental swabs were also taken. S. aureus isolates were identified, and MRSA confirmed of mecA gene detection. Characterization included spa typing, SCCmec typing, the lukS/F-PV gene detection, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (EUCAST), and detection of the dfrG trimethoprim resistance gene. Clonal complexes (CC) were inferred. MRSA nasal carriage prevalence was worrying high (60
Reticulate evolution is considered a widespread phenomenon in primates, as hybridization shaped evolutionary histories in all primate radiations, including Catarrhini. While genomic data suggest extensive ancient introgression among guenon lineages (tribe Cercopithecini), field and related genetic studies report extant hybridizations, along with fertility of guenon hybrids. By combining classical and molecular cytogenomics, we characterized chromosome organization for 12 guenon individuals, belonging to three species that associate in polyspecific groups: Cercopithecus cephus, C. nictitans and C. pogonias. Our results reveal multiple chromosomal heterozygosities in both the morphology of metaphase chromosomes and the molecular structure of centromeres, suggesting that chromosomal heterozygosity may be common in guenon genomes. Furthermore, we found similar chromosomal polymorphisms, involving similar chromosome and centromere variants, in distinct species. Our cytogenomic analysis also confirmed the hybrid origin of three individuals: two F1 hybrids between C. cephus and C. nictitans, and one backcross hybrid C. nictitans x (C. cephus x C. nictitans). Together, our results provide further possible evidence for reticulate evolution and incomplete reproductive isolation, and identify guenons as a good system to untangle the evolutionary dynamics of primate centromeres. This study provides a foundation for future research regarding the influence of hybridization on chromosomal reorganization, reproductive isolation, and speciation.
OBJECTIVES:We report a case of congenital measles, highlighting the challenges in clinical management in a developing country setting. METHODS:We reviewed and report clinical, laboratory management, and the outcome of a case of congenital measles. RESULTS:The male infant was born at 32 weeks and 2 days to a young mother with no history of anti-measles vaccination. At birth, the infant was eutrophic. At hour 15 of life, he developed respiratory distress, hypotonia, hypoglycemia, moderate tachycardia, and had a normal skin examination. On day 4, he developed a fever (39.1°C), a macular rash, and hemorrhagic syndrome. Measles infection was confirmed in mother and child couple by PCR. The infant's condition deteriorated without access to anti-measles intravenous immunoglobulin prophylaxis treatment, and he died on day 7 from septic shock with multiple organ failure. CONCLUSION:Measles control not only imposes the prevention of congenital measles by vaccinating women of childbearing age but also requires appropriate drug provisions and rapid diagnostic tools provision at the facilities level.
Background Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women worldwide, but particularly affects women living in sub-Saharan Africa. Screening and vaccination programs are two prevention approaches that can reduce cervical cancer incidence. However, effective vaccination campaigns require better knowledge of the prevalence of the main human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes reported in high-grade neoplastic lesions and invasive carcinomas in women. Methods All samples collected in this study were processed using standard histopathological methods with haematoxylin and eosin staining of the sections. Areas with abnormal cells were then identified. The HPV genotype was determined on the DNA extracted from the same sections using nested PCR followed by amplicon sequencing and real-time PCR specific to five different HPV genotypes (16, 18, 33, 45 and 58). Results A total of 132 Gabonese patients with high-grade neoplastic lesions were included in this study; 81% were squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). At least one HPV was detected in 92.4% patients; HPV16 (75.4%) was the most frequent genotype, followed by HPV18, 58, 45, 33 and 35. Moreover, histological analysis showed that SCC samples had 50% and 58.2% stage III and IV tumor cells, respectively, according to the FIGO classification. Finally, 36.9% of these stage III and IV patients were less than 50 years old. Conclusions Our results confirm the high prevalence of HPV16 and 18 genotypes among high-grade lesions in Gabonese women. This study confirms the need for a national strategy for early screening of precancerous lesions associated with a broad national vaccination program among non-sexually active women to significantly reduce the long-term cancer burden.
In Africa, great apes, among which gorillas, are the reservoir of several infectious agents, some of which have zoonotic potential. However, scientific reports summarizing data on the pathogens harbored by some primate species still need to be published for the scientific community, conservation, and public health actors. In the case of Gabon, despite its outstanding biodiversity, particularly in great apes, and the history of outbreaks involving wildlife, there is a lack of reports on pathogens found in some ape species living in the vicinity of the human being. Thus, it is becoming urgent for us to synthesize the available data on pathogens (parasites, bacteria, and viruses) identified in gorillas living in different ecosystems of Gabon to assess the risks for the human population. Therefore, this review article presents the diversity of pathogens identified in gorillas in Gabon, their impact on primates’ health, the cases of transfer between gorillas and humans, and the interest in a One Health approach for prevention and a better understanding of the ecology of gorilla’s diseases infection in Gabon.
