Chaudhary Bansi Lal University

Owing to the high specific surface area and adjustable pore size distribution, biomass-derived carbon nano-onions (CNOs) have lately aroused the interest of researchers in supercapacitor applications. Herein, we employ ajwain oil-derived, porous CNOs for supercapacitor applications. In this study, carbon nano-onions (CNOs) are synthesized through a simple, scalable, one-step “wick-and-oil” flame method followed by KOH activation. Microstructural analysis reveals monodisperse carbon nanoparticles with high porosity, attributed to the long-chain hydrocarbons and active components such as phenolic carvacrol and thymol present in ajwain oil, which contribute to high carbon yield and improved ion diffusion pathways. Electrochemical studies are performed using a three-electrode setup in 6 M KOH electrolyte. The CNO electrodes exhibits excellent charge transfer properties, achieving a specific capacitance of 276.2 F g–1 at 1 A g–1. The charge storage mechanism has analyzed through surface- and diffusion-controlled contribution analysis. At lower scan rates, diffusion charge contribution is more dominant, whereas at higher scan rates, a significant surface charge contribution of 88.4

The present paper describes a comparative study of nitration of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using synergistic approach of iodobenzene diacetate and copper nitrate trihydrate as a nitrating medium and a conventional mixed acid system (concentrated nitric acid/sulphuric acid). The devised methodologies afforded ortho-nitro products and C-3 nitrated products respectively. While a single example related to latter protocol has been previously reported, the present study expands it to a series of 3-nitro-2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. A plausible mechanism involving electrophilic substitution via in situ generated nitronium ion is proposed for C-3 nitration and clear comparison with the synthesis of ortho-nitro products in synergetic approach is presented. The structures and regioselectivity of the products were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques, including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectrometry and FT-IR analysis. The protocol offers several advantages, such as moderate to higher yields (68–96

INTRODUCTION:Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women influences several physiological processes, notably affecting the gut-brain axis (GBA). Emerging evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies suggests that the loss of estrogen following menopause contributes to GBA dysfunction. The present review aims to explore the clinical and preclinical evidence linking estrogen deficiency-induced gut dysbiosis with GBA dysfunction in postmenopausal women. METHODS:A literature survey was conducted using scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Semantic Scholar to evaluate studies focused on estrogen's role in modulating GBA dysfunction using keywords such as estrogen, GBA, menopause, gut dysbiosis, and GM. Both experimental and observational studies were considered to synthesize current findings. RESULTS:Estrogen deficiency has been shown to alter the composition and diversity of GM, impair gut barrier function, and dysregulate immune responses involving T cells and microglia within the GIT and CNS. These disruptions are associated with cognitive decline, emotional disturbances, and neurodegenerative conditions. Evidence supports a strong association between menopause-related estrogen loss, gut microbial imbalance, and GBA dysfunction. DISCUSSION:The estrogen-GBA plays a crucial role in postmenopausal health, and phytoestrogenmediated modulation of GM offers a promising therapeutic approach supported by preclinical evidence. However, limited clinical data and population variability highlight the need for well-designed human studies to validate these findings. CONCLUSION:Targeting GM modulation presents a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating GBA dysfunction in postmenopausal women. This review consolidates existing evidence and highlights the need for further research into microbiota-based interventions to alleviate estrogen deficiency- related neurophysiological disorders.

Climatological variations, triggered by global warming and rising temperatures, have become a growing concern, posing challenges to communities across the United States, Europe, and Asia. Earth heats, climate patterns shift, and the resulting climate instability triggers more persistent and powerful heatwaves, leading to significant ecological and health-related consequences. Disturbances in thermoregulation can lead to elevated core body temperature (CBT>39 °C); this typically occurs during heat stress (HS), a state wherein the body's capacity to cool itself is challenged by multiple external (environmental conditions, pathogens) or internal factors (inflammatory, metabolic, hormonal, and neurological), often precipitating systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure. HS pathological cascade involves different interconnected processes like oxidative stress, inflammation, compromised circulation, disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB), coagulation irregularities, organ-specific responses, electrolyte imbalances, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and interactions with pre-existing conditions. To effectively address this emerging public health issue, a combined approach is needed, like incorporating pharmacological treatments such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), diuretics, muscle relaxants, vasodilators, beta-blockers, and anti-anxiety agents with essential non-pharmacological supports like public health education, cooling centres, early detection systems, and individualized plans specifically designed for high-risk groups. This review provides insight into the concept of heat-induced injury on the cellular level, the worldwide prevalence of HS, the pathogenic mechanisms behind Heat Stress-induced Multiple Organ Dysfunction (HS-MOD), and the various therapeutic strategies available.

The present study deals with the Love wave propagation in a dry sandy layer sandwiched between upper monoclinic elastic layer and lower inhomogeneous isotropic elastic half-space. Rectangular type irregularity is considered at the interface of sandy layer and half-space. Analytical expressions for displacement fields are derived by adopting the variable separation method. Dispersion equation for the phase velocity of Love wave is also derived by using suitable boundary conditions and validation with standard Love wave equation is also verified, discussed in particular case. Significant effect of parameter like sandiness, irregularity, inhomogeneity and thickness ratio is observed by analyzing the dispersion equation graphically using MATLAB software. Results obtained regarding Love wave propagation in the considered model serve as major highlights having significant relevance in the field of geophysics, soil mechanics and earthquake engineering.