Chaudhary Ranbir Singh University (CRSU), formerly Kurukshetra University Post Graduate Regional Centre, is a state university in the city of Jind, Haryana, India. Established by the state Legislature Act 28 of 2014 on July 24, the university offers postgraduate courses.
Calcium Strontium Lithium Borate (CSLB) glasses doped with varying concentrations of Ho3+ions were synthesized using the melt-quenching technique to investigate their potential applications in solid-state lasers. The structural, thermal, and optical properties of the as-prepared glasses were systematically analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and optical absorption spectroscopy. The XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the glasses, while FT-IR spectra revealed the presence of characteristic vibrational modes corresponding to BO4 and BO3 units, B-O-B linkages, and OH groups. A high Delta T value indicates higher thermal stability, according to DSC thermograms, which shed light on the glasses; thermal stability. Absorption spectra were used to calculate the optical band gap and Urbach energy (Delta E), which indicated that the glass matrix had few flaws and structural disorder. Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory was employed to evaluate the phenomenological intensity parameters (Omega 2, Omega 4, Omega 6), with the highest Omega 4 value observed in CSLB0.5 glass, indicating strong covalent Ho-O bonding. The ionic character of the Ho3+ doped glasses was further supported by negative values of the bonding parameter (delta). The emission cross-sections and gain coefficient (G(nu)) were calculated for near-infrared (NIR) transitions, demonstrating the materials suitability for high-performance laser applications. The findings suggest that Ho3+doped CSLB glasses possess excellent optical and structural properties, making them promising candidates for opto-communication and solid-state laser applications. The high emission cross-section and gain coefficient reinforce their potential for achieving enhanced laser efficiency and operational stability in optical devices.
Fusion dynamics of 40Ca +58,64Ni and 48Ti +58,64Ni reactions are theoretically investigated by using the Wong formula with spherical and deformed choices of nuclear potential, symmetric-asymmetric Gaussian barrier distribution (SAGBD) model and coupled channel approach. The calculations with the deformed nuclear potential are found enhanced with respect to the calculations of spherical choice of nuclear potential in the Wong formula, but such calculations do not retrieve the fusion data. With an additional radius parameter (Delta R) in the deformed nuclear potential, the estimated cross-sections approximately recover the fusion data for chosen reactions. In the SAGBD model, effects due to distinct nuclear structural properties are comprehensively assimilated by adopting a Gaussian function to the Wong formula and the calculations fairly retrieve all the experimental data points. Furthermore, the effects of low-lying 2+ and 3- quantum states of fusing pairs are also included in coupled channel calculations to reproduce the fusion data of 40Ca +58Ni and 48Ti +58,64Ni systems. However, for 40Ca +64Ni reaction, 2+ and 3- vibrational states of both projectile and target, as well as the neutron transfer channel having a positive Q-value is primarily required for addressing fusion data.
Terbium-doped barium alumino lead borate glasses were synthesized by the melt-quenching technique with varying Tb3+ ions concentrations to evaluate their photonic potential. X-ray diffraction confirmed the amorphous nature of the glasses, while FT-IR analysis revealed the structural units of the glass network. UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra were used to analyze the local environment of Tb3+ ions and to determine Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters. Under near-UV excitation, the glasses exhibited characteristic Tb3+ ions emissions arising from the D-5(4) -> F-7(J) (J = 3-6) transitions, with intense green emission at 542 nm (D-5(4) -> F-7(5)). The emission intensity increased up to 2.5 mol% Tb3+ ions and then decreased due to concentration quenching. CIE chromaticity coordinates are found to be (0.3114, 0.5580) for the 2.5 mol% doped BaAlPbBTb glass which is close to the EBU standard. The Judd-Ofelt parameters show a uniform trend of Omega(2) > Omega(4) > Omega(6) across all Tb3+ ions doped BaAlPbB glass composition. The decay profiles of the as-prepared glasses were employed to estimate the experimental lifetime, energy transfer parameters, and the donor-acceptor interaction mechanism. Luminescence decay showed bi-exponential behavior with decreasing lifetime at higher Tb3+ ions concentrations due to energy transfer effects. XPS study confirmed the elemental state and chemical composition of different elements of prepared sampl. These results indicate the suitability of the prepared glasses as green emitters for tricolor white LED applications.
The present study provides a detailed explanation of the structural, optical, and luminescence performance of Dy3+-doped ZKPAB glasses. Herein, a series of zinc-potassium-lead-aluminum borate (ZKPAB) glasses doped with different concentrations of Dy3+ ions (x = 0.1–1.0 mol CIE chromaticity diagram for various concentrations of Dy3+ ion-doped ZKPAB glasses.
Purpose - The study explores the implications of the deployment of Solar Irrigation Pumps (SIPs) for macroeconomics and their impact on diesel import substitution and foreign exchange (FX) savings and implications for energy security and external sector stability, specifically. Methodology - Official secondary data is used in a deterministic simulation framework. The model is calibrated for 9.5 million diesel irrigation pumps that consume on average 900 liters of diesel annually with an 85% dependency on diesel imports and as a baseline diesel price of USD 0.85 per liter. Two scenarios are analyzed: (1) current SIP deployment (2.7 million units) and (2) medium-term targets for expansion (4.9 million units), including oil price shock scenarios. Findings - About USD 1.76 billion in FX savings are achieved by current SIP deployment, displacing an estimated annual diesel usage of around 2.43 billion litres. With a medium-term target of 4.9 million SIPs, the savings rise to USD 3.19 billion, and the benefits are amplified with higher global prices for oil. The findings suggest that there are measurable declines in the level of oil import dependence, some level of external sector resilience and a possibility of dampening the current account deficit. Originality - The research rethinks SIPs and considers them a structural macroeconomic stabilisation instrument instead of an instrument for renewable energy. It takes a macroeconomic approach to solar irrigation in India, as it is predominantly a microeconomic study, by explicitly modelling the impact of solar irrigation on external balance and FX savings. JEL Codes: Q42, Q48, F32, O13, O44, E61
