Karachi Medical & Dental College ((کراچی میڈیکل اینڈ ڈینٹل کالج)) is a public medical university in Karachi. It was founded by Naimatullah Khan in 1991.It offers MBBS and BDS programs at undergraduate level which are accredited by the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council. KMDC also offers postgraduate specialties in medicine and dentistry in affiliation with the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan and University of Karachi..
Introduction: Episodic and paroxysmal neurological disorders, including migraine, seizures, and transient ischemic attacks, are defined by acute onset, variable severity, and unpredictable recurrence, leading to notable health challenges. Methodology: The CDC WONDER database was used for analyzing temporal trends for episodic and paroxysmal neurological disorders in the United States from 1999 to 2025. The Multiple Cause-of-Death database was used to calculate age-adjusted mortality rates and evaluate varying trends using Joinpoint regression. Sensitivity analysis for excluding COVID-19-related confounding impact was conducted by excluding mortality data from 2020 to 2022. Results: An overall increase in mortality was observed throughout the study. Among demographics, higher mortality was observed among individuals above 85 years, among males compared to females, in NH Blacks compared to other races, and in medical facilities. Geographic disparities reflect the highest mortality in Southern urban regions. Conclusion: Significant demographic and geographic disparities were observed, demanding prompt diagnosis, early management, and long-term care planning to address healthcare challenges. Clinical Trial Number = not applicable
Background:Maintaining optimal dental health during childhood is foundational for quality of life and prevention of common oral diseases, notably dental caries and periodontal conditions. Optimal pediatric oral health is essential for lifelong wellbeing, yet oral diseases remain prevalent among children globally. Objective:This study evaluates oral health awareness and hygiene practices among children in three major cities of Pakistan, aiming to highlight knowledge gaps and behavioral patterns. Method:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 children aged 6-15 years from Karachi, Lahore, and Rawalpindi using a structured, pre-validated questionnaire. Consent was obtained from guardians, and children were assisted in the local language. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 27). Results:Most participants were aware that brushing prevents dental problems and that excessive sugar consumption is harmful. While 61% believed twice-daily brushing was ideal, only 52% practiced it. Dental visits were primarily problem-driven; only 10.5% visited biannually. Non-recommended habits, such as nail biting, were common. Oral health information predominantly came from parents rather than schools. Conclusion:Despite adequate awareness, gaps exist between knowledge and practice in pediatric oral hygiene. School-based programs, improved parental education, and regular preventive dental visits are crucial to reduce oral disease burden in Pakistani children.
Introduction:Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has an incidence of approximately 6 cases per million adults, with a global prevalence ranging from 49 to 55 cases per million adults. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have demonstrated promising improvements in the diagnostic accuracy of imaging for PH, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94, compared to seasoned professionals. Research objective:To systematically synthesize available evidence on the comparative accuracy of AI versus manual interpretation in detecting PH across various chest imaging modalities, i.e., chest X-ray, echocardiography, CT scan and cardiac MRI. Methods:Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across five databases-PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library-from inception through March 2025. Statistical analysis was performed using R (version 2024.12.1 + 563) with 2 × 2 contingency data. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were pooled using a bivariate random-effects model (reitsma() from the mada package), while the AUC were meta-analyzed using logit-transformed values via the metagen() function from the meta package. Results:This meta-analysis of 12 studies, encompassing 7,459 patients, demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy of PH with AI integration, evidenced by a logit mean difference in AUC of 0.43 (95% CI: 0.23-0.64; p < 0.0001) and low heterogeneity (I 2 = 21.0%, τ 2 < 0.0001, p = 0.2090), which was consolidated by pooled AUC of 0.934 on bivariate model. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for AI models were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.73-0.90) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86-0.95), respectively, with substantial heterogeneity for sensitivity (I 2 = 83.8%, τ 2 = 0.4934, p < 0.0001) and moderate for specificity (I 2 = 41.5%, τ 2 = 0.1015, p = 0.1146); the diagnostic odds ratio was 54.26 (95% CI: 22.50-130.87) with substantial heterogeneity (I 2 = 70.7%, τ 2 = 0.8451, p = 0.0023). Sensitivity analysis showed stable estimates and did not reduce heterogeneity across outcomes. Conclusion:AI-integrated imaging significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy for pulmonary hypertension, with higher sensitivity (0.83) and specificity (0.91) compared to manual interpretation across chest imaging modalities. However, further high-quality trials with externally validated cohorts may be needed to confirm these findings and reduce variability among AI models across diverse clinical settings.
Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication that may arise in patients treated with incretin-based therapies or Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. We report a 41-year-old female with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) who developed severe euDKA after initiating tirzepatide for weight loss while on empagliflozin and basal-bolus insulin therapy. She presented with severe vomiting and profound metabolic acidosis (pH 6.96, bicarbonate 1.5 mmol/L) despite only modest hyperglycemia (glucose 190-200 mg/dL). The severity of acidosis necessitated intubation and intravenous bicarbonate therapy. Laboratory findings revealed elevated amylase (688 U/L), suggesting possible tirzepatide-associated pancreatic stress. No infection or other precipitating factor was identified. The patient recovered after intensive insulin and fluid replacement. This case highlights the risk of severe euDKA with the administration of tirzepatide in T1DM, particularly in combination with an SGLT2 inhibitor. Clinicians should keep a high index of suspicion for ketoacidosis in such patients despite normal or mildly elevated glucose levels and inform them of early detection of symptoms and sick day management.
