This paper explores the notion of seasonality as a conceptual and methodological lens to analyze the intersections between migration, environment, and governance in the Italian border town of Trieste. The article investigates how temporal and environmental factors shape the governance of migration along the Balkan route. Building on three ethnographic fieldworks conducted by the authors between 2021 and 2023, it offers a composite, multi-sited account of how changing weather patterns, shifting political contexts, and evolving institutional responses co-produce the dynamics of asylum and mobility in the city. By linking natural and political “seasons”, the article shows how local authorities instrumentalize environmental conditions to regulate migrant presence and visibility, while solidarity groups and migrants continuously adapt their practices to these shifts. The paper situates these processes within broader European migration governance transformations, revealing how time, environment, and control converge in local border management. Ultimately, Trieste emerges as a paradigmatic site where the temporalities of nature, policy, and human mobility intertwine, exposing the inherent fragility of contemporary migration regimes.
This article provides a conceptual discussion of the role of hope in promoting global citizenship education (GCED) and argues that a global perspective in education requires a hopeful imaginative ethos to lay the foundations for a new transformative pedagogy. After introducing UNESCO’s recent report Reimagining Our Futures Together , which addresses urgent global challenges and assigns a major role to a global perspective in education, the article discusses the meaning of GCED as a non-neutral transformative approach in education. While this report, as well as previous ones, has been criticised for its visionary over-idealism and lack of attention to the power dynamics governing education, it will be argued that hope has transformational power and can play a political role in education. The article will then highlight contrasting ideas in envisioning different images of the future promoted by international organisations that have a significant impact on global educational policies and the construction of the global discourse on education. Finally, drawing especially on the legacy of Freire’s vision of critical education, radical hope is reviewed by comparing it with two related issues: utopia and optimism.
Antecedentes: El síndrome de Stevens-Johnson es una reacción medicamentosa severa. Las sulfamidas se han asociado con reacciones medicamentosas, complicaciones, secuelas, incluso la muerte. Reporte de caso: Paciente femenina de 40 años, con antecedentes médicos de endometriosis y colitis ulcerativa crónica inflamatoria de reciente diagnóstico. Fue atendida en el servicio de Alergología del Hospital San Juan de Dios de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social, y luego de 20 días de tratamiento con sulfasalazina tuvo una reacción medicamentosa severa en la piel, compatible con síndrome de Stevens-Johnson. La prueba de transformación linfocitaria resultó positiva, con lo que se confirmó la sulfasalazina como el agente causal. Conclusiones: La prueba de transformación linfocitaria es un método útil que puede confirmar el agente causal y prevenir complicaciones importantes a futuro. Palabras clave: Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson; reacción medicamentosa grave; sulfonamidas; sulfasalazina; prueba de transformación linfocitaria.
From the “patients’ right to avoid unnecessary suffering and pain” to the “Charter of Rights of the Cephalalgic Patient”, over the years the role of the civic & patients’ organisations to reduce headache pain in the European Union is increased: this research article explores the experiences of individuals affected by migraines and headaches, highlighting challenges, rights, and the need for improved healthcare support. Based on an extensive civic survey conducted at the national level by the Italian NGO Cittadinanzattiva, the study reveals the profound impact of headaches on people's lives, emphasising the lack of disability recognition and difficulties in accessing quality care. Through compelling testimonies, the article underscores the emotional, psychological, and physical burden of these conditions, and describes an innovative artificial intelligence-based tool called “EMI”. Together with many actors, since decades Cittadinanzattiva has been engaged in the fight against chronic pain for decades, both at the national and European levels. In this regard, what attention will the new MEPs (Members of the European Parliament) and the new leadership of the EU Commission DG Santé (Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety) dedicate to this issue in the wake of the upcoming European elections in 2024? From various quarters, there is a call for a European Migraine Action Plan aimed at finally placing this issue on the agenda of European political institutions, promoting a more inclusive and patient-centered vision within the European healthcare landscape, where the pain of those suffering from migraines and headaches is no longer invisible or unheard.
Political actualization of citizenship is related to membership, legal status, rights, and participation which are the four key dimensions of citizenship. These four aspects need to be immediately actualized in the life of the nation and state, because they are very important in realizing a civilized nation. The problem of not achieving the political dimension of citizenship is due to a decrease in the sense of nationalism in each younger generation. On that basis, the National Unity and Political Body (Bakesbangpol) of Bandung City organizes state defense education. The purpose of this study was to analyze the state defense education conducted by Bakesbangpol of Bandung City to strengthen the character of love for the homeland of the younger generation. The theory used is the theory of nationalism, political theory of citizenship and the conception of state defense. This analysis uses a qualitative methodology with a case study approach, with data collection strategies through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings have shown that state defense education held by Bakesbangpol of Bandung City has shown changes in cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects of the participants who take part in state defense education. This can be seen from the increase in capacity regarding membership, legal status, rights, and participation towards a better direction as a citizen. This is very important in realizing ideal citizens to support the achievement of state goals. This finding shows that it is important for Bakesbangpol to always carry out state defense education in a sustainable and programmed manner, by prioritizing aspects of innovation so that it always adapts to the times. For further research it is important to study with different methods, especially quantitative methods because it can determine the effect of political education on political education participants . Keywords: Political Citizenship; Education; State Defense; Bandung
