Łódź University of Technology (Polish: Politechnika Łódzka) was created in 1945 and has developed into one of the biggest technical universities in Poland. Originally located in an old factory building, today covering nearly 200,000 sq. meters in over 70 separate buildings, the majority of them situated in the main University area. Almost 15,000 students are currently studying at the University. The educational and scientific tasks of the University are carried out by about 3,000 staff members..
High refractive index (4.4 at 1100 nm), negligibly small absorption in the near-infrared spectral range, and ease of processing make MoSe2 the perfect material for applications in near-infrared photonics. So far, implementation of MoSe2-based photonic structures has been hindered by the lack of large-surface MoSe2 substrates. The use of molecular beam epitaxy allows the production of homogeneous layers of MoSe2 with a few-inch surface and a thickness controlled at the sub-nm level. In the present work, we design by theoretical calculations and fabricate by a simple lithography process an ultrathin subwavelength grating out of a 42 nm thick, epitaxially grown MoSe2 layer. Our polarization-resolved reflectivity measurements confirm that the gratings host a peculiar type of a confined optical mode that is a bound state in the continuum. Moreover, the fabricated structures enhance the efficiency of the third-harmonic generation by over 3 orders of magnitude as compared to the unstructured MoSe2 layer. The presented results are promising for the realization of flat, ultracompact devices for lasing, wavefront control, and higher-order topological states of the light.
We provide examples of spaces satisfying generalized combinatorial covering properties such as the Hurewicz, Menger, and $γ$-properties in an uncountable setting. Our approach is motivated by canonical constructions from the classical countable case, including the examples of Bartoszyński and Shelah separating the Hurewicz property from $σ$-compactness, the examples of Tsaban and Zdomskyy separating the Hurewicz and Menger properties, and Tsaban's construction of a nontrivial set of reals with the $γ$-property. We focus on the genuinely nontrivial aspects of these higher-cardinal generalizations, uncovering several open problems whose nature appears substantially different from that of their countable counterparts.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is real and growing, life threatening challenge for modern societies. Nowadays, kidney biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of renal, structural changes, even though it is an invasive procedure with some contraindications and complications. Several studies suggest that microstructural changes during development of kidney disease may give detectable differences in magnetic resonance (MRI) signal, however not always accessible for human perception. The aim of our study was to determine the possibility of using deep neural network algorithms for the analysis of T1-weighted MRI images in the assessment of renal structural changes, particularly in estimating the presence of an active and chronic phases of disease process. The study is based on images of MRI examinations consisting only dixon-based T1-weighted sequence of 52 patients who underwent kidney biopsy and 8 healthy volunteers. The volunteers with no history of any kidney disease formed group “1” and the patients were divided into two groups: group “2”—with active phase of CKD and group “3”—with non-active, advanced phase of CKD, basing on histopathological outcome. The acquired, sorted images were than presented to deep neural network algorithms. Balanced accuracy of verified algorithms in differentiating the study groups were as follows: custom – 83.1%, AlexNet − 81.1%, ResNet-50–93.1%, ViT – 73.5%. The presented algorithms give promise to be efficient, fast and reliable diagnostic tool for patients not suited for kidney biopsy procedure. Additionally, they have potential to be independent of the type of MRI scanner.
Two stable benzo[e][1,2,4]triazinyl radicals fused with a fluorescent carbazole-based helicene were obtained by photocyclization and investigated by spectroscopic, electrochemical and DFT methods. The racemates were resolved and ECD spectra were analyzed.
The subject of consideration is a medium that is periodically layered along its thickness, H, in the direction of the x3 axis, resting on an undeformable base. It consists of many repeating thin layers of thickness h (small compared to H). Each layer is made up of an even number of 'sublayers'. In the medium under consideration, it is possible to identify a small repeating element, known as the periodicity cell. In order to account for the influence of the size of this element (the so-called microstructure size effect) in the analysis of the dynamic behaviour of a periodically layered medium, the tolerance modelling method is applied. The derived equations have constant coefficients and take into account the microstructure size effect mainly in dynamic problems of a periodically layered medium. This effect is demonstrated using the example of wave propagation along the x1 axis, parallel to the layers, with a displacement component along the x3 axis, i.e., perpendicular to the layers. Formulas determining the wave propagation speeds in the medium under consideration are derived, and the influence of various parameters related to the medium's structure is analysed. Furthermore, in the range of lower wave propagation speeds, the results are confirmed using the well-known asymptotic model.
