Dhaneswar Rath Institute of Engineering and Management Studies

This study introduces innovative water-based coolant circuit designs, developed in accordance with the well-established Constructal law, to enhance the cooling performance of a solid square substrate. The top surface of the substrate is subjected to a uniform heat flux of 200 W / m². Five distinct flow-path configurations have been investigated: (i) elliptical-shaped, (ii) hexagonal-shaped, (iii) pentagonal-shaped (iv) trapezoidal-shaped, and (v) inverted-trapezoidal-shaped. These configurations originated from a single embedded pipe within the heated square solid substrate. To identify the most effective cooling design, the thermo-fluid performance of each configuration has been thoroughly analyzed. A numerical approach using ANSYS Fluent 24.0, has been employed to solve the transport governing equations for continuity, momentum, and energy, along with appropriate boundary conditions. The study evaluates the non-dimensional temperature and pressure drop across different designs by varying the length, Reynolds number, and fillet ratio within the ranges of 2≤ L_p/L≤ 3, 100≤ Re≤ 2000 , and 0≤ F_r≤ 2, respectively. The results indicate that as the Reynolds number increases, the non-dimensional temperature decreases, while the pressure drop increases across all cases. A notable reduction in non-dimensional temperature is observed at Re≈ 500 , beyond which only minimal changes in temperature are observed for each configuration. Out of all tested configurations, case-III (i.e., Pentagonal-shaped) demonstrates superior cooling efficiency at a non-dimensional length (i.e., L_p/L = 3), with a relatively moderate pressure drop compared to other designs. This novel finding holds significant potential for various engineering applications, including solar energy systems, thermal collectors, electronic cooling systems, battery thermal management and heat exchangers.

Abstract Background Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, demonstrates unprecedented efficacy for weight loss and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity. However, significant inter-individual variability in therapeutic response exists. We aimed to identify sex-specific metabolomic predictors of tirzepatide-induced weight loss response) in men and women with T2DM, stratified by obesity status(Class I: BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2 vs Class II/III: BMI ≥35 kg/m2). Methods A prospective cohort study of 220 adults (110 men, 110 women) with T2DM and obesity (mean BMI 37.1 ± 5.2 kg/m2) initiating tirzepatide (10-15 mg weekly) were included. Baseline fasting serum samples were analyzed using untargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and targeted quantification. Metabolomic data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and Random Forest models to identify baseline metabolites predictive of a "High Responder" status (≥15% TBWL) at 9 months. Models were developed separately for men and women and stratified by obesity class (Class I vs Class II/III). Results Overall, women were significantly more likely to be High Responders (62.7% vs 41.8% of men, P = .003). In Men (Class II/III Obesity; BMI ≥35): High Responder status was negatively predicted by a cluster of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and their catabolites. Specifically, elevated baseline valine, leucine,and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate were associated with non-response(OR: 0.72 per 1-SD increase, 95% CI: 0.59-0.88, P = .001).The predictive model for this group achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.70-0.91). In Men (Class I Obesity; BMI 30-34.9): The BCAA signature was not predictive (P = .34).Higher levels of specific long-chain acylcarnitines (eg, C16:0, C18:1) were associated with non-response (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.95, P = .014). In Women (Class II/III Obesity; BMI ≥35). High baseline levels oflipid species i,e several lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) (eg, LPC 18:2, LPC 20:4) and dicarboxyl-acylcarnitines were positively associated with High Responder status (OR: 1.31 per 1-SD increase, 95% CI: 1.12-1.53, P < .001) with an AUC-ROC of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74-0.93). In Women (Class I Obesity; BMI 30-34.9): The predictive signature was less robust (AUC-ROC: 0.69), but trended towards an association with baseline bile acid profiles rather than lipids. Conclusions The metabolic pathways predicting tirzepatide response are fundamentally different between sexes and are further modified by obesity class.Men with high baseline BCAA signatures in the context of severe obesity are poor responders.Conversely, women with severe obesity and a favorable baseline lipid profile are likely to achieve significant weight loss. These findings highlight the potential for sex-stratified, metabolomics-based precision medicine to guide the use of incretin therapies.

This paper proposes a general model of fractional spatial heterogeneouse viral infection. The resolvent operator’s method and a fixed point theorem are employed to establish the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions for abstract fractional spatial heterogeneous viral infection models. Additionally, the stability of Ulam–Hyers (UH) and Ulam–Hyers–Rassias ( UHR ) type for the solution of this model is studied. Examples of partial differential equations utilizing the Caputo–Fabrizio derivative are also presented.

This work is dedicated to optimizing the machining performance of cutting tools while machining aluminum metal matrix composites (Al-MMC) using force measurement and material removal rate (MRR) analysis. The investigation conducts a comparative analysis between coated and uncoated inserts, focusing on assessing wear characteristics and MRR while highlighting the impact of machining parameters on tool performance. The experimental setup integrates a dynamometer and precision machining tool, emphasizing both coated and uncoated inserts. Through systematic experimental trials, wear rates and MRR values are quantified, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing tool wear and machining efficiency in Al-MMC. Observations reveal that variations in feed rates correspond to changes in cutting forces, directly affecting wear rates. The study underscores that coated inserts exhibit slower wear rates and stable MRR compared to their uncoated counterparts, emphasizing the trade-off between initial cost and long-term performance. The investigation expands its focus to different alloys within Al-MMC, specifically Al 6063, 6082, and 7075, under varying spindle speeds and feed rates, while maintaining a consistent depth of cut. Employing uncoated inserts at specific parameters, Al 7075 demonstrates superior strength, evidenced by reduced wear removal compared to Al 6063 and 6082. Additionally, using a coated insert in the 6

Amidst mounting global concerns regarding air pollution and its association with climate change, this study introduces a novel concept of multilayer semiconductor sensor chip. Fabricated on a silicon (Si) substrate, the chip incorporates sophisticated microheater elements made up of Platinum (Pt) separated by consecutive insulating layers and interdigitated electrodes coated with gold (Au) material for the gas-sensitive material as tin di oxide (SnO2). The design precision, validated through COMSOL Multiphysics simulations, ensured a secure operational temperature. Rigorous testing with gases such as SO2, NH3, CO, NO2 and H2S shows a remarkable achievement in improved cross sensitivity at low temperature, highlighting the innovation’s robustness. An important aspect of this research is the reduced operational temperature and low power consumption of the SO2 sensor. This technique of multilayer architecture, precise COMSOL simulation, and sputtering methodologies defines the uniqueness of this study. These developments not only enhanced the gas sensor efficiency but also present a promising solution to address the urgent challenges posed by air pollution, marking a significant step forwardness in environmental sensor technology.