Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University

Leveraging photovoltaic advancements, this study marks a major milestone in grapheneintegrated plasmonic nanostructures, emphasizing the investigation of a tri-layered absorber configuration. The proposed plasmonic configuration employs graphene-based materials capable of transforming solar radiation into both thermal and electrical energy. The designed absorber can create absorption performances in the ultraviolet (UV) part at 93.8 % and the visible section at 94.2 %. Moreover, the extracted solar energy can also be observed as 95 % in the near and midinfrared spectra (NIR and MIR). In the initial stage of resonance layer design, a ring resonator with two distinct radii is constructed. An isosceles triangular structure is then incorporated within the ring resonator on the graphene layer. After evaluating various material types and parametric configurations, Iron (Fe) is selected for the resonator, Titanium (Ti) for the middle layer, and Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) for the substrate. Machine learning optimization is employed to enhance the efficiency of the proposed absorber design. As an innovative approach in solar absorption technology, this advanced configuration demonstrates potential for integration into diverse solar applications such as solar fabrics, solar skins, floating solar farms, solar roads, and photovoltaic noise barriers (PVNB). The utilization of graphene-based nanostructured materials highlights their suitability for a wide range of renewable industrial applications.

The proposed system uses an advanced deep learning method called Adaptive Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient with Attention (Ada-DDPG-A) to intelligently allocate tasks and resources. Later, by using the Fitness Oriented African Bison Optimization Algorithm (FE-ABOA), the developed deep learning model Ada-DDPG-A is precisely tuned, leading to much better resource management. An adaptive component in this novel model learns and adjusts its behavior in real-time as it receives new data. This hybrid approach optimizes performance, improves resource utilization, and enhances overall system reliability. This approach effectively solves the NP-hard resource management problem and enhances task effectiveness through precise parameter tuning. Finally, several validations are executed in the suggested technique to observe its efficiency over the existing techniques. In time slot 1, the delay time of the developed FE-ABOA-Ada-DDPG-A model is 66.43 ms, whereas the delay times for OOA-Ada-DDPG-A, MAO-Ada-DDPG-A, SCO-Ada-DDPG-A, and ABOA-Ada-DDPG-A are 74.74, 147.97, 99.27, and 137.57 ms, respectively. These results demonstrate that the developed approach significantly minimizes latency, outperforming existing algorithms in real-time processing efficiency. It conclusively shows that the enhancements made to the algorithm result in a substantial and meaningful improvement over established optimization techniques.

Heterogeneous photocatalysis has been touted as an impressive technique thanks to its provision of a clean, economical, and sustainable approach for generating "green" hydrogen for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. The rapidly occurring recombination of photo-induced charge pairs is touted as an important roadblock to photocatalytic hydrogen production. The present research presents the controlled building of innovative mesoporous NiS/FePO4 (NiS/FPO) heterojunction photocatalysts, incorporating varying NiS concentrations via a modified sol-gel and wet impregnation technique, aimed at promoting light-triggered hydrogen generation from a glycerol aqueous solution, with an in situ loaded Pt (co-catalyst) on the surface of the photocatalyst during the photocatalytic experiments. The highest-performance photocatalyst, 9 % NiS/FPO, possessed a mesoporous twodimensional (2D) architecture, a large surface area (115 m2/g), a wider absorption boundary (483.87 nm), and considerable efficacy in separating photo-induced electron/hole (e- /h+) pairs, together with substantial redox capabilities. Consequently, the 9 % NiS/FPO at an optimal concentration of 2.0 g/L achieved a better hydrogen yield of 33.60 mmol g- 1, with a maximized rate of 4.252 mmol h- 1 g- 1, eclipsing the rate obtained utilizing the pristine FPO by roughly 141.7 occasions. The five-run investigations demonstrated the notable stability of the 9 % NiS/FPO heterojunction. The primary cause of this astounding efficacy is the design of the S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst, which strengthened the separation of photo-induced carriers, augmented the capacity to harvest and harness visible light, and heightened redox capabilities. The current study introduces an innovative and pragmatic approach to developing superior S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for the efficient and reliable production of hydrogen from water.

The use of photocatalysis has been highlighted as an efficient strategy to generate green H2, offering an ecologically sound, cheap, and sustainable solution for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. Nevertheless, a significant obstacle of this approach is the fast recombination of photo-created charges. This work focuses on the systematic development of novel mesoporous step (S)-scheme photocatalysts of CuAl2O4/BaTiO3 (CUA/BAT) with multiple CUA contents through a P-105-facilitated sol-gel strategy paired with wet impregnation technique for visible-light-evoked generation of H2 from a mixed solution (H2O + glycerol). The most effective heterostructure photocatalyst, 12 % CUA/BAT, revealed a 2D design with mesoporous nature, a notable surface area (138 m2/g), an enlarged absorption edge (464.16 nm), and substantial improvements in photocarrier separation, along with robust reduction-oxidation characteristics. Thus, the 12 % CUA/BAT photocatalyst generated a superior H2 amount of 29.39 mmol g-1, with a maximal rate of 3.1529 mmol h-1 g-1, topping the rate recorded with the naked BAT and CUA by almost 54.5 and 10.5 multiples, separately. The remarkable photostability of the 12 % CUA/BAT heterostructure was evidenced by its performance in five consecutive experiments, producing H2 quantities that accounted for 97.3 % of the initial amount after the fifth iteration. The chief rationale for this notable capability is the architecture of the S-scheme heterojunction, which facilitated the decoupling of photo-created charge carriers, elevated the capacity to harvest and utilize visible light, and strengthened redox characteristics. The work presented here proposes a new and feasible approach for creating advanced S-scheme heterostructure photocatalysts targeted at the economical and dependable generation of H2 from water.

A bimetallic selenide composite, ZnSe/CoSe2, was synthesized using a sacrificial template of a dual metal-organic framework (MOF), i.e., ZIF-8/ZIF-67. The process entailed the synthesis of MOFs, subsequent pyrolytic transformation into metal oxides, and hydrothermal selenization to produce ZnSe/CoSe2 integrated within a conductive carbon matrix. Structural and compositional investigations validated the effective synthesis of a crystalline, mesoporous nanocomposite exhibiting a large surface area (125 m2/g) and uniformly distributed active sites. The electrochemical assessment revealed exceptional pseudocapacitive performance in both threeelectrode and two-electrode configurations. The ZnSe/CoSe2 combination demonstrated a specific capacitance of 2289 F/g at 0.5 A/g, superior rate capability, and consistent redox activity, indicating predominant batterytype charge storage. It can undergo recycling over 2000 cycles without a reduction in its storage capacitance. The combined influence of bimetallic selenides, intrinsic porosity, and nitrogen-doped carbon framework enhances the composite's exceptional energy storage capacity.