Diponegoro University (Hanacaraka: ꦈꦤꦶꦥ꦳ꦼꦂꦱꦶꦠꦱ꧀ꦢꦶꦥꦤꦼꦒꦫ; Indonesian: Universitas Diponegoro, abbreviated as Undip) is a public university in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Founded in 1957 as a private university by the Semarang University Foundation, which later in 1960 became public university, and named after Javanese Prince Diponegoro. It is a pioneer of higher learning institutions in Indonesia and the first and oldest education corporation in Central Java. Nationally, Undip is in sixth position in Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education's 2017 ranking and is one of the top 1,000 universities in the world by the 2019 QS World University Rankings.
Objective This study aims to compare the detectability index (d′) between the human observer (HO) and advanced model observer (AMO) using the Non-Prewhitening Observer (NPW) and Non-Prewhitening Observer with Eye Filter (NPWE) for various tube currents and low-contrast objects. Methods Image data were obtained using the ACR 464 phantom at three different tube current levels (i.e., 80 mA, 140 mA, and 200 mA). The task object had contrast levels ranging from 3 HU to 15 HU, with a diameter of 3 mm. The task objects used a Gaussian profile model. The d′ values were measured using the AMO with NPW and NPWE models, while HO values were computed using the 2-AFC method. Each configuration consisted of 100 signal-present and 100 signal-absent images. Results The results demonstrated that the d′ values obtained from AMO displayed a trend similar to those derived from HO. Increases in the tube current and contrast resulted in higher d′ values across all observers. Correlation analysis revealed that NPW and NPWE showed a strong relationship with HO (r = 0.979; p < 0.001) and (r = 0.976; p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion This study confirms that the AMO can effectively replicate object detection with accuracy comparable to that of HO. This behaviour was consistently observed across variations in tube current and low-contrast objects.
Green diesel, a renewable fuel from organic waste and plant materials, offers an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional fossil fuels by significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainability. Consequently, the current investigation emphasizes the new studies on production of green diesel from fat, oil, and grease (FOG), colloquially known as sewer grease, through the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reaction utilizing a bimetallic modified iron foam catalyst identified as NixCey/Fe-Foam. This catalyst was synthesized using a series of cerium loadings with a fixed amount of nickel (Ni0.34Ce0.30/Fe-Foam, Ni0.34Ce0.36/ Fe-Foam, Ni0.34Ce0.42/Fe-Foam) via an electrodeposition method followed by H2 annealing. Comprehensive characterization of the catalysts was conducted, revealing that most exhibited a surface area ranging from 0.35 to 45.13 m2/g, with an acid site density of 12 to 246 & micro;mol/g. Notably, the presence of cerium species enhances the number of acid sites, facilitating the elimination of oxygen functionalities. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited a distinct rosette-like morphology. In the context of the catalytic HDO screening conducted at 400 degrees C for 6 h, the Ni0.34Ce0.42/Fe-Foam (H2) catalyst, enriched with cerium vacancy species, outperformed the other catalysts, achieving a HDO-derived liquid products yield of 87% and selectivity of 74% towards C15 + C17 and C16 + C18. This superior performance can be attributed to weak to medium acidity sites within the catalyst, which enhance its catalytic efficacy in the HDO process rather than being related to surface area characteristics.
This article examines how returned Indonesian female migrant domestic workers retrospectively interpret the intercultural encounters they experienced during overseas employment. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 24 returnees from Cilacap, Indonesia, it explores how some encounters came to be understood as ethically significant after migration rather than merely as instances of cultural adaptation. Guided by Alain Badiou’s concept of the event, the analysis identifies three recurring ethical orientations that emerged across participants’ narratives: a cosmopolitan orientation characterized by expanded engagement with cultural difference, a convivial orientation centered on the practical labor of sustaining coexistence, and an empathic orientation expressed through ethical engagement with religious and cultural others. The findings contribute to intercultural adaptation and learning research by showing how intercultural encounters may become enduring sources of ethical self-formation rather than simply communicative competence or behavioral adjustment.
