Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, formerly Agra University, is a state university located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. The university is named after Bhimrao Ambedkar, Indian scholar, social reformer, and the architect of the Indian Constitution.
Lightweight, flexible, and multi-threat-resistant textile-based protective systems are increasingly demanded for modern defense, law-enforcement, and industrial safety applications. Although high-performance fibers such as aramids and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene provide excellent strength-to-weight ratios, conventional protective textile still faces critical challenges among impact level, flexibility, durability, and wearer comfort. In this context, surface functionalization has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance impact resistance through interfacial and surface-level engineering without substantially increasing weight or stiffness. This review provides a systematic and critical assessment of advanced surface functionalization technologies for multi-threat impact-resistant textiles and composites. The fundamental energy absorption and damage mechanisms under ballistic, stab, spike, and blunt impacts are first summarized to establish functional performance requirements. Major surface modification approaches including shear-thickening fluid (STF) impregnation, nanoparticle reinforcements, sol–gel ceramic networks, plasma-enhanced deposition, layer-by-layer assembly, electrospinning, microencapsulation, and back-coating techniques are then critically evaluated in terms of their interfacial mechanisms, processing scalability, mechanical performance enhancement, and effects on flexibility and breathability. Recent advances in bio-inspired 3D-printed coatings and MXene-based multifunctional surfaces are highlighted as emerging pathways toward combined mechanical reinforcement and smart functionality. Durability considerations reveal that plasma grafting, sol–gel coatings, and layer-by-layer systems exhibit superior wash and abrasion resistance, whereas STF-based systems remain limited by long-term stability. Finally, key scientific challenges and future research directions are proposed for the development of next-generation smart, durable, and environmentally responsible multi-threat protective textile systems.
The performance of a 3 kW grid-connected photovoltaic system installed at Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra (27.21° N, 77.99° E) was simulated using PVsyst to evaluate the influence of module tilt angle on energy yield and system losses. Simulation results show that tilt angles between 25°–35° produce maximum annual irradiance, with a peak global incident irradiance of approximately 2025 kWh m⁻² yr⁻¹, annual energy injection of 4943 kWh, and a performance ratio of 0.816. Temperature-related losses were minimized near this range due to improved convective cooling and optimal incident irradiance. The results confirm that optimal tilt angles for fixed installations closely correspond to local latitude but also demonstrate that a range of tilt values yields comparable performance, providing flexibility for installation constraints. This study highlights the sensitivity of PV performance to tilt-dependent irradiance and loss mechanisms and provides practical design guidance for rooftop PV deployment in north-Indian climatic conditions.
Pristine, nanocrystalline CeO2 with crystallite size 2.18 nm was synthesized in a single step from the reaction of (NH4)(2)[Ce(NO3)(6)] and NaOH under hydrothermal condition at 180 degrees C for 6 h. Synthesized CeO2 was characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Also, photocatalytic activity of CeO2 was determined by band gap measurements using UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) data. Surface area measurement was performed by using a (BET) surface area analyzer. Furthermore, CeO2 was evaluated for comparative performance analysis toward catalytic degradation of Ibuprofen (IBU) and Methylene blue (MB) in water under exposure of UV-C light (15 W) and H2O2 (100 mu L). The result highlights the higher efficacy of photocatalyst toward degradation of MB compared to IBU. The degradation of MB in light was observed as 96.9% in 70 min while degradation of IBU remained limited to 63% even after prolonged exposure time of 140 min. The difference in degradation performance of CeO2 toward IBU and MB in water was investigated. 1.54 times higher degradation of methylene blue in comparison to ibuprofen was achieved over CeO2 surface, for which the mechanism was elucidated by zeta potential measurement studies.
Indoor air pollution caused by incense smoke is a significant health risk, especially in developing countries where incense consumption is heavily influenced by both home and religion. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the potential of broccoli (Brassica oleracea) specific to its ameliorative effects on rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to incense smoke. The methodology involved three experimental groups designed by exposing each group of rats to incense smoke for an hour every day and providing broccoli extract orally to one of these three groups during a total of 28 days. Liver function was determined using ALT, AST, ALP, total protein, and albumin levels. In addition to using these methods to determine liver function, histological assessment via light microscopy of the liver was conducted to look for any signs of structural liver damage. Increased liver damage occurred within the incense-smoke-exposed group when evaluated via ALT, AST, and ALP levels as compared to the control group. In the incense smoke-exposed rats, there was decreased protein and albumin levels found; these results are consistent with impaired liver function. Additionally, significant liver damage and impairment of structure and function were substantiated histologically by necrosis, degeneration, vacuolization, dilation, and infiltration of inflammatory cells within the liver. Supplementation with broccoli resulted in significant improvements and reductions in rat liver damage. Evaluated using the same parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, total protein, and albumin) as the incense exposure group, rats in the broccoli-treatment group exhibited improvements toward normality. Histologically, cellular damage, inflammatory infiltrates, and structure were also significantly improved when compared to the incense smoke-exposed group. Due to the high quantities of antioxidants such as sulforaphane, flavonoids, and vitamins found in broccoli, it is reasonable to assume that the hepatoprotective effects of broccoli have occurred through the antioxidant potential of these compounds and through enhanced detoxification pathways through direct neutralization of oxidative stress. In conclusion, incense smoke exposure is associated with significant oxidative-stress-mediated hepatotoxicity, while broccoli demonstrates a significant protective effect against oxidative-stress-mediated toxicity, and should be further studied as a natural therapeutic alternative against environmental toxin exposures that cause liver damage
The present manuscript describes the biological studies of some organotin(IV) derivatives of 3,4-methylenedioxy-6nitrophenylpropenoic acid which are synthesized and characterized by standard methods and tested for their antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiela pneumoniae; antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger and antitumor activity against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and mammary cancer cell (EVSA-7) lines in-vitro and results indicates that these compounds are potentially active in biological screening.
