阿里格尔穆斯林大学

This paper presents a five-level switched-capacitor multilevel inverter (SCMLI) with dual boosting and common-ground (CG) capability for standalone and grid-connected applications. The proposed converter employs two switched capacitors (SCs), six switches, and two diodes while charging both capacitors only to the input voltage, resulting in reduced capacitor rating and cost. Unlike existing five-level converters, the proposed topology can continue operating as a three-level inverter under the failure of either switched capacitor resulting in improved inverter reliability. To mitigate the large charging-current spikes commonly encountered in SCMLIs, a quasi-soft charging technique using a small charging inductor is introduced, and a practical design methodology is presented. The charging inductor significantly reduces peak capacitor charging current, lowers current stress on semiconductor devices, and improves converter efficiency. The proposed converter is further analyzed in terms of leakage-current mitigation, voltage and current stresses, power loss, efficiency, scalability, and cost, and is quantitatively compared with recently reported common-ground five-level inverters. Experimental results obtained from a 1-kW prototype validate the converter under different operating conditions, including load and modulation variations, while hardware-in-the-loop results demonstrate successful grid-connected operation with effective active and reactive power control.

Abstract The cement industry’s contribution of approximately 8% to global carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) emissions, coupled with significant laboratory glass waste disposal challenges, necessitates sustainable solutions addressing both environmental concerns. Despite extensive research on supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), limited investigation exists on borosilicate glass powder (BSGP) as cement replacement, representing a critical research gap in sustainable construction materials. This study aims to investigate BSGP as a sustainable cement replacement in mortar systems, evaluating its effects on mechanical properties, durability performance, and environmental sustainability. BSGP was incorporated at 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% cement replacement levels with comprehensive 120-day evaluation encompassing mechanical property testing, durability assessments (electrical resistivity, water absorption, acid resistance), microstructural analysis, predictive modeling, and life cycle assessment (LCA). The 15% BSGP replacement achieved optimal performance with 8.91% higher compressive strength (63.56 MPa) and 7.71% improved splitting tensile strength compared to control specimens. Durability enhancements included 91.37% increased electrical resistivity, 16.92% reduced water absorption, and superior acid resistance with 10% less strength degradation. The predictive model demonstrated 91% accuracy ( R 2 = 0.925 ), whereas life cycle assessment revealed linear reductions of 32.9 MJ / m 3 embodied energy (EE) and 6.43 kg CO 2 - eq / m 3 global warming potential (GWP) per 1% replacement. BSGP at 15%–20% replacement effectively enhances mechanical performance and durability while reducing environmental impacts; however, performance declines at 25% due to excessive cement dilution, confirming dosage-dependent effectiveness and alignment with circular economy principles.

Sustainable tourism villages face complex governance challenges because they must simultaneously support economic development, protect local culture, preserve ecological resources, and respond to changing social conditions. Existing studies have examined sustainable tourism governance mainly from administrative, community-based, or institutional perspectives, but less attention has been given to how distributed authority interacts with nonlinear adaptive dynamics in village-level governance systems. To address this gap, this study develops an integrated framework that combines polycentric governance theory and chaos theory. Using a quantitative explanatory design, survey data were collected from 590 stakeholders involved in tourism village governance across four regencies and one city in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that institutional diversity has the strongest association with sustainable tourism village governance, followed by decentralization and local autonomy, bifurcation and cosmology, community participation, flexibility and adaptability, edge of chaos and the butterfly effect, and self-organization and strange attractors. The model yields a very high coefficient of determination, which suggests a close within sample fit between the proposed constructs and the observed perception data. This result is interpreted cautiously because the study is cross-sectional and several constructs are conceptually proximate. The study contributes to governance theory by showing that sustainable tourism village governance can be understood as both polycentric and complex-adaptive. Practically, the findings suggest that policymakers and tourism village managers should strengthen multi-actor coordination while maintaining flexibility to respond to uncertainty and local change.

A novel cadmium-based metal-organic framework (MOF), FV-NaCdL3, was synthesized via a solvothermal route using a tritopic tricarboxylic acid linker, 4,4 ',4 ''-(1,3,5-triazin-2,4,6-triyl)tribenzoic acid (L3), and 4,4 '-bipyridine (bpy) as a co-linker. The L3 linker, prepared through the condensation of 4-cyanobenzoic acid and piperidine, was confirmed by HRMS, FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR analyses, validating its tritopic architecture. The resulting FV-NaCdL3 MOF was extensively characterized by FTIR, PXRD, BET surface area analysis, TGA, and XPS, revealing high crystallinity, porosity, and robust thermal stability. Morphological and compositional uniformity were confirmed through SEM, TEM, and EDX analyses. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) established FVNaCdL3 as a heterometallic pillared-layer framework with the formula {[CdNa2(L3)(bpy)0.5]& sdot;NO3 & sdot;2H2O}n, crystallizing in the trigonal R32 space group. Topological analysis showed a binodal (4,2)-connected raa network constructed from linear {Na-Cd-Na} units bridged by mu 6-L33- linkers and axially pillared by bpy. In adsorptive desulfurization experiments with dibenzothiophene (DBT), benzothiophene (BT), and thiophene (T) in n-octane, FV-NaCdL3 exhibited a maximum removal efficiency of 88% for DBT and an adsorption capacity (qe) of 91.91 mg. g- 1. The adsorption data are best described by pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating predominant uptake on a finite number of accessible sites under the studied conditions. Overall, FV-NaCdL3 emerges as a novel, porous, and thermally stable MOF with low accessible N2 surface area and well-defined morphology, demonstrating strong S & sdot;& sdot;& sdot;pi and S & sdot;& sdot;& sdot;Cd interactions. These features make it a promising, economical adsorbent for desulfurization and the development of cleaner, sulfur-free fuels.

Breeding approaches for improving heavy metal stress tolerance in legume crops have become increasingly important in response to the rising contamination of agricultural soils with toxic metals such as cadmium, lead, arsenic, nickel, and aluminum. Conventional breeding has laid the foundation by exploiting natural genetic variation for traits related to metal exclusion, sequestration, and tolerance; however, its effectiveness is often limited by the complex, quantitative inheritance and strong environmental influence of heavy metal stress responses. To overcome these constraints, modern breeding strategies now integrate marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, QTL mapping, and candidate gene-based approaches to enhance selection precision and accelerate genetic gains. In parallel, transgenic and genome-editing approaches enable functional validation and targeted manipulation of key genes involved in metal transport, chelation, antioxidant defense, and stress signaling pathways. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical post-transcriptional regulators that modulate the expression of multiple stress-responsive genes under heavy metal stress. Plastid transformation is a powerful transgenic approach for homologous recombination, site-specific integration of foreign genes into the plastid genome and stable expression of traits related to metal tolerance. Phytoremediation strategies using transgenic legumes further present eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions for the extraction, sequestration, or stabilization of heavy metals from contaminated soils. The combined application of these breeding approaches allows the development of legume cultivars with improved productivity, reduced metal accumulation in edible parts, and enhanced adaptability to contaminated soils. This review focusing on integrated breeding strategies to provide a robust and forward-looking framework for sustaining legume production, food quality, and supporting environmental remediation under heavy metal stress conditions.