Introduction: Every year brings in new medications capable to slow or stop proliferation of tumour cells. Unfortunately, in spite of antitumour benefits, new medicines have some side effects that reduce their therapeutic properties. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in three series of experiments on 24 whiteWistar rats, both male and female, each weighing 200-250 g. Decapitation of the animal was performed under ether anesthesia with rapid extraction of the heart and perfusion using the Langendorff method. To study NCX in the heart, a perfusion device was used to create a permanent coronary flow. Monitoring the physiological state of the heart when changing the composition of solutions was carried out using a balloon inserted into the left ventricle.Contractions and relaxation of the heart were recorded using an electronic pressure sensor. The parameters were documented and processed using the Zet Lab external module software. Results and Discussion: In the first series of experiments, the effect of hyposodic solution onthe tone of the left ventricle of the heart stopped by a hyperpotassic medium was studied. The developed technique served as the basis for studying the effect of cyclophosphamide on NCX,accompanied by contraction and relaxation of the heart. Experiments have shown the ability of cyclophosphamide to significantly reduce the rate of the tone increase and the development of contraction force, as well as prolong the relaxation time during NCX. Conclusion: Cyclophosphamide is able to disrupt the capture of ionized calcium in the cytosolby intracellular Ca-accumulating structures during relaxation of the heart. Unlike controlrecordings, in the presence of cyclophosphamide, repeated relaxations do not occur completely.As a result, each subsequent contraction begins at a higher initial diastole level.
The progressive nature of type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to the need for insulin therapy in a significant proportion of patients. Very often start of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with weight gain and a significant increase of hypoglycemia’s risk. However, innovative options, such as fixed ratio combinations of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and basal insulin, minimize weight gain and hypoglycemia risks and allow a greater proportion of patients to achieve individual glycemic control goals without compromising safety parameters. This review includes a description of the randomized clinical trials, as well as the results of real clinical practice of the use of two currently existing fixed ration combinations of GLP-1RA and basal insulin — iDegLira and iGlarLixi.
The relevance of psoriasis is caused by prevalence of a disease, a long chronic current, frequent, is long the proceeding recurrence. According to modern representations psoriasis - one of the most widespread chronic inflammatory dermatosis with primary damage of skin and probably genetically determined immune disturbances which are implemented under the influence of a number of trigger factors, demonstrating inflammatory process in a derma, are followed by permanent disturbance of proliferation and a morphological differentiation of keratinotsit. Diverse clinical manifestations are characteristic of psoriasis: from the single, plentifully shelled papules or plaques of pinkish-red color to an erythrosis, psoriasis arthritis, generalized or limited pustulous psoriasis. Defeat of a pilar part of the head - the most widespread localization of a dermatosis also meets at 80% of patients with psoriasis, in 25% of cases psoriasis of skin of a pilar part of the head proceeds separately. Fast and effective treatment of psoriasis of a pilar part of the head is of great importance as the worst indicator of the index of quality of life is noted at patients with this problem - 82% of the patients suffering from a dermatosis have constant feeling of discomfort and are stigmatized that serves as the reason of deep social isolation and disadaptation. According to the clinical recommendations of the Russian society of dermatovenerologists about external therapy of psoriasis with manifestations on a pilar part of the head, topical glucocorticosteroids in a combination with salicylic acid in the form of various dosage forms belong to drugs of the first line. In article data of own clinical experience of use of the solution containing betamethasone Dipropionas and salicylic acid are stated (Akriderm of SK solution). The good efficiency of medicine concerning psoriasis on a pilar part of the head, convenience of use of a dosage form in the form of solution, fast approach of clinical result at patients with involvement of head skin is noted.
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy is a rare metabolic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance. It is characterized by a reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue, ectopic lipid deposition, and the development of a number of metabolic disorders including insulin resistance diabetes mellitus, fatty liver degeneration and hepatitis, and arterial hypertension. One of clinical manifestation of the disease is kidney damage often leading to proteinuria of varying severity. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying kidney damage in this condition are not yet fully understood. The aim of the study was to perform a clinical and morphological analysis of renal complications in a 32-year-old woman with Berardinelli-Seip syndrome and a rare heterozygous mutation in the AGPAT2 gene, a nucleotide substitution C.636C>T (L212L). This case report incorporated data from patient’s the medical history, intravital laboratory and instrumental studies, and both qualitative and quantitative morphological analysis of a nephrobiopsy sample. Clinical signs and morphological finding at light-optical and electron microscopic levels are presented, highlighting the reorganization of glomeruli tissue elements. The main clinical manifestations of kidney damage in this patient included arterial hypertension, progressive facial edema, swelling of the lower extremities and lumbar region, advanced nephrotic syndrome, and impaired nitrogen-excretory kidney function. Morphological examination did not reveal histological or ultrastructural signs of diabetic microangiopathy or nephropathy. Instead, findings included large glomeruli with a lobular configuration of the glomerular tuft, moderate mesangial expansion, segmental thickening of the capillary loop, and duplication of the glomerular basal membrane. There was deposition of immune complexes, primarily of the C3c complement fragment, along the capillary wall and in the paramesangial and mesangial regions, forming hyperdense osmiophilic ribbon-like and garland structures. These findings led to the classification of renal damage as C3 glomerulopathy. The study suggests that various mutations in the AGPAT2 gene may influence renal complications in Berardinelli-Seip syndrome, potentially contributing to a broader clinical spectrum, including the possibility of developing C3 glomerulopathy.
Introduction. Symptoms of gastro esophageal reflux disease are noticed in 2–7% of children. Manifestations of this disease may be limited to symptoms (e.g., heartburn, regurgitation) or have more complicate complex, such as erosive esophagitis, esophageal strictures or Barrett’s esophagus. Study purpose. To study the prevalence of esophagitis in school-age children with symptoms of dyspepsia. Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 7–18 years 2935 children patients aged with symptoms of dyspepsia. The presence of endoscopic signs of distal catarrhal esophagitis and erosions (epithelialized and non-epithelialized) was assessed; in the case of non-epithelialized erosions, the stage of esophagitis according to the Los Angeles classification was taken into account (1998). Results. The prevalence of endoscopic signs of esophagitis among 7 to 17 years 11 months children with symptoms of dyspepsia was 1858/2935 (63.3%). Changes in the type of epithelialized erosions of the esophagus were detected in 593/2935 (20.2%), non-epithelialized erosions in 222/2935 (7.6%) children. Overall, erosive changes in the esophagus were noted in 815/2935 (27.8%) children with symptoms of dyspepsia. Erosive changes in the esophagus are more often observed in boys. The proportion of children with erosive esophagitis is the same in all age groups. Among patients with non-epithelialized erosions, according to the Los Angeles classification stage A was established in 149/222 (67.1%), stage B — in 63/222 (28.4%), stage C — in 8/222 (3.5%), in 2/222 (0.9%) single ulcers of the esophagus were identified Conclusion. There is a high prevalence of esophagitis in school-age children with symptoms of dyspepsia, the frequency of erosive esophagitis, taking into account epithelialized and non-epithelialized erosions, was 27.8%, the frequency of non-epithelialized erosions — 7.6%.
