Relevance . Justice is a fundamental category of legal theory, which acts as a general legal principle, value, and goal of legal regulation. In the context of value pluralism and the digital transformation of the legal system, there is a need for a theoretical and methodological rethinking of its essence and mechanisms of implementation in lawmaking and law enforcement. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical and legal reinterpretation of the category of justice, including the identification of its essential characteristics, the systematization of existing doctrinal approaches, and the justification of the author's integrative model of its understanding in law. Research objectives: analysis of the historical and philosophical foundations of the doctrine of justice; systematization of doctrinal approaches to its understanding; disclosure of the content of the principle of justice, its specification in legislation and judicial practice; determination of the relationship between justice and legality, and its role in justice; formulation of the author's concept of justice in law. Methodology . The research methodology includes a complex of general scientific and private scientific methods. The dialectical method allowed us to identify contradictions in the understanding of justice, the historical and legal method allowed us to trace its evolution, the formal legal method allowed us to analyze its normative consolidation, the comparative legal method allowed us to compare doctrinal approaches, and the hermeneutical method allowed us to interpret legal texts where justice is an evaluative category. Results . The historical and philosophical foundations of the doctrine of justice, which go back to the ancient distinction between commutative and distributive justice, have been identified. The main doctrinal approaches have been systematized: the axiological approach (justice as a value), the normative-legal approach (as a principle of law), and the post-classical approach (as a property of social representation). The content of the principle of justice, which is specified in legislation and judicial practice, has been revealed. The relationship between justice and legality, as well as its role as a criterion of justice, has been substantiated. The author has formulated an integrative model of justice that combines the normative-value, procedural-communicative, and subjective-motivational aspects. Conclusions . Justice in law is an integrative phenomenon that is not reducible to either formal legality or moral idea. In the context of value pluralism, procedural justice acts as a mechanism for achieving intersubjective consensus and legitimizing legal outcomes. The practical significance of the study lies in the potential application of its findings in lawmaking, law enforcement, and the educational process.
This article examines the role of inter-municipal cooperation as a key mechanism for the formation of agglomerations and spatial development in Russia amidst large-scale territorial disparities and diversification in regional socioeconomic development. The objective of this research is to identify the specific features of inter-municipal cooperation in the development of agglomerations in Russia, analyze the regulatory framework and existing practices for municipal interaction, and propose a set of measures to eliminate barriers to the effective implementation of this mechanism for sustainable spatial development. The article also notes that inter-municipal cooperation allows for the consolidation of municipal resources within agglomerations, improved management efficiency, the exchange of experience and best practices, and the creation of economic growth opportunities by pooling the potential of neighboring territories.
