The Federal Government of Brazil (Governo Federal) is the national government of the Federative Republic of Brazil, a republic in South America divided in 26 states and a federal district. The Brazilian federal government is divided in three branches: the executive, which is headed by the President and the cabinet; the legislative, whose powers are vested by the Constitution in the National Congress; and the judiciary, whose powers are vested in the Supreme Federal Court and lower federal courts. The seat of the federal government is located in Brasília..
A Zn-SeO2 nanocomposite solution was prepared using the two-step technique of pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL): the first step was by ablation of a zinc disc, and the second step was by exposure of a selenium disc within the same ZnO solution to a laser. The properties of the resulting plasma were analyzed using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to determine the electron temperature and electron density. The crystal structure was characterized using X‑ray diffraction (XRD), the surface structure was characterized using a field-effect scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and optical absorption measurements were used to determine the energy gap. Antibacterial activity tests against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 using the resulting particles at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 ppm showed no obvious inhibition zones. The results indicate distinct optical and structural behavior with no antibacterial activity under the tested conditions.
Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) power electric vehicles, portable electronics, and grid‐scale storage, yet their safety, performance, and lifetime are constrained by thermal effects. The mechanisms of heat generation and its spatial distribution within single cells remain insufficiently resolved, limiting effective monitoring. Thermal heterogeneity accelerates capacity fade, drives localized degradation, and elevates the risk of thermal runaway (TR), particularly in high‐energy‐density and fast‐charging systems. This perspective reviews recent advances in elucidating heat generation in LIBs and the manifestation of in‐plane and through‐thickness temperature gradients, emphasizing their influence on electrochemical behavior and safety. Approaches to temperature monitoring are critically assessed, including surface‐mounted and embedded sensors, indirect diagnostic methods, and data‐driven prediction techniques. Future directions are outlined for intelligent, multiscale thermal sensing that integrates advanced sensor technologies with predictive modeling to enable proactive thermal management, thereby enhancing the safety, reliability, and efficiency of next‐generation LIBs across automotive, aerospace, and stationary applications.
In this study, a series of novel nanocomposite films (NCFs) was created by incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) and titanium carbide nanoparticles (TiC) into a polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP-K90) matrix via the casting route. The broadening of the XRD peaks for the prepared samples validates the absence of long-range symmetry; consequently, all the prepared films exhibited a semicrystalline nature, interspersed with peaks that prove the identity of the added substance. FTIR analyses indicated improved polymer-nanofiller interactions. FESEM revealed that the PVP surface turned rough, and the nanofiller distribution appears to have some clustering or aggregation. The absorbance value improved from 90 % to 97 % with a red shift in the transition peak from 210 nm to 240 nm wavelength upon incorporation. The results indicate a significant reduction in the optical bandgap, from 4.75 eV in pure PVP to 4.40-3.50 eV in the NCFs. Interestingly, the energy gap values obtained from the Tauc curve are very close to those obtained by the ASF model. The Urbach energy (EU) was increased from 0.28 eV to 0.97 eV. The dispersion energy parameters, such as Eos, Ed, Eg, no, epsilon infinity, M-1, M-3, and f, were systematically studied using the Wemple DiDomenico model. The AC conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss were significantly improved. The conductivity was enriched from 8.59 & times; 10-8 to 1.67 & times; 10-8 S/ cm. The mechanical properties, rebound, elongation, and elastic modulus, showed significant improvement with increasing the loading ratio of nanomaterials. The preliminary finding gives a positive indication for use in flexible optoelectronic devices.
Bioavailable strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) have broad applications for geolocation and movement reconstructions in ecology, paleontology, archaeology, forensics, and environmental and food sciences. These applications require a comprehensive 87Sr/86Sr reference dataset to identify isotopically distinct areas. Bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr reference datasets have been created for many regions world-wide and are based on a large range of different sample materials including soil, water, flora, and fauna. Here we compiled and harmonized 28,347 published bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr data from over 150 countries representing decades of work by hundreds of researchers to provide a global dataset as a basis for reference and isoscape development. These data provide researchers across many different disciplines with a common reference dataset to use as a foundation for their research projects. Metadata and method details are provided to allow for the individual assessment of the data. The dataset is available at two community data repositories dedicated to stable isotope data, IsoArcH and IsoBank.
This review highlights the recent progress of novel solvations based on ion/dipole interactions and analyzes the working principles and the future directions, aiming to construct a specific design paradigm of electrolytes in rechargeable batteries.
