The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB RF; Russian: Федеральная служба безопасности Российской Федерации (ФСБ РФ), tr. Federal'naya sluzhba bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii, IPA: [fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnəjə ˈsluʐbə bʲɪzɐˈpasnəstʲɪ rɐˈsʲijskəj fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨɪ]) is the principal security agency of Russia and the main successor agency to the Soviet Union's KGB; its immediate predecessor was the Federal Counterintelligence Service (FSK) which was reorganized into the FSB in 1995. The three major structural successor components of the former KGB that remain administratively independent of the FSB are the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), the Federal Protective Service (FSO), and the Main Directorate of Special Programs of the President of the Russian Federation (GUSP).Its primary responsibilities are within the country and include counter-intelligence, internal and border security, counter-terrorism, and surveillance as well as investigating some other types of serious crimes and federal law violations. It is headquartered in Lubyanka Square, Moscow's center, in the main building of the former KGB. The director of the FSB is appointed by and directly answerable to the president of Russia.In 2003, the FSB's responsibilities were expanded by incorporating the Border Guard Service and a major part of the Federal Agency of Government Communication and Information (FAPSI); this would include intelligence activities in countries that were once members of the Soviet Union, work formerly done by the KGB's Fifth Service. The SVR had in 1992 signed an agreement not to spy on those countries; the FSB had made no such commitment...
Stair ascent and descent creates unique biomechanical demands which affect gait symmetry even in healthy people. The occurrences of differences in stair ascent and descent can lead to an increased risk of joint injuries. This case study explored the differences in vertical forces derived from plantar pressure and induced loads under each foot during stair ascent and descent using a pressure-sensitive platform. Within the research objectives, several parameters were observed such as peak force, time to peak force, force impulse, root mean square error, correlation coefficients, and the foot asymmetry index. Those parameters indicated that gait became noticeably more asymmetric during stair descent, particularly at the heel. This appeared linked to limited ankle mobility, which delayed force transfer and increased local peak forces, suggesting the body was compensating to maintain balance or momentum. These compensations could lead to excess stress higher up the kinetic chain, possibly raising the risk of joint wear in the knees or hips over time. Our findings emphasize how even subtle mobility issues can affect whole-body mechanics and highlight the value of ankle-focused rehab and personalized prosthetic design. While the single, subject design limits broader conclusions, this work offers a useful starting point for future research into joint loading patterns, neuromyofascial coordination, and strategies to support more balanced movement.
Aim: to present a clinical case of post-COVID bronchiolitis in an adult.Key points. A 54-year-old female patient with a long history of smoking was hospitalized in the pulmonology department of the Clinic with a leading complaint of progressive shortness of breath after a COVID-19 infection. The diagnosis was established: bilateral bronchiolitis associated with a new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction — positive); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stage II according to GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease), exacerbation. Against the background of the therapy, there was a significant positive dynamics in well-being and in CT-picture of bronchiolitis. The patient was discharged for outpatient follow-up treatment. One of the most common symptoms of post-COVID syndrome is shortness of breath. Diagnosis of bronchiolitis, in which this symptom may be the only one, is difficult, especially in patients with a long history of smoking and the presence of comorbid pulmonary pathology.Conclusion. A clinical case of bilateral bronchiolitis in the framework of the post-COVID syndrome is presented. The key to successful diagnosis of bronchiolitis is a thorough differential analysis of the totality of anamnestic and clinical laboratory data, as well as a characteristic CT pattern.
Comparison of thickness measurement for selectively applied copper and tin coatings on printed circuit boards was performed by use of destructive and non-destructive methods. The analysis of measurement results was performed by applying criterion of critical difference of repeatability and reproducibility according to international standard ISO 5725-(1-6):1994. Comparison of results for measuring ranges on the basis of critical difference of reproducibility, shows that results of measurement for copper and tin coatings obtained by using different methods are mutually comparable. In measuring tin coating, repeatability of measurement results was achieved and that means that results obtained in very strict conditions are comparable.
Use of drones considerably rises which includes the education, both by the drones and about drones. We analyse the current use of drones in education in Croatia and provide predictions for its future development. We collected corresponding data using available internet sources. The analysis of the collected data indicates a systematic approach to the inclusion of drones in education. There are two directions of growth in the use of drones, the first leads to an increase in the number of drones in a particular institution and the second leads to an increase in the number of institutions that use drones in education. This article presents an insight into the current use of drones as part of education in Croatia.
