In recent years, energy transition has boosted the expansion of new electrical generation sources, most of which are inverter-based, significantly altering the behavior of voltage and current signals. Thus, fault diagnosis methods should be validated and adapted to operate in this new scenario. This paper evaluates the performance of five classic fault detection methods and, addressing their identified limitations, proposes a fault detection algorithm based on ATs combined with a rule-based internal and external fault discriminator for medium-voltage collector networks in onshore wind farms. The method is robust, eliminating the need for prior parameterization in the primary detection stage. The proposed methodology was validated on an actual system located in Northeast Brazil, modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC and through hardware-in-the-loop tests using the RTDS interfaced with a Texas Instruments F28379D development board. The performance was tested under diverse operating conditions, including variations in fault resistance, different circuit topologies, and event types, while also considering wind turbine shutdowns and fluctuations in wind penetration levels. The results are highly promising and compatible with modern protection requirements, demonstrating an average primary pickup of under 1.36 ms, confirmed within 18 ms, and an accuracy rate exceeding 99.8%, even in the presence of noisy signal conditions.
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major global health burden, with poor survival rates. HER2 is a key biomarker for targeted therapy, but discordance between primary tumors and metastases may impact treatment decisions. This meta-analysis evaluated the prevalence and clinical relevance of HER2 status differences between primary gastric cancers and metastatic lesions. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane was conducted for studies assessing HER2 status in matched primary and metastatic gastric cancer samples. Pooled proportions and 95
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) exhibit antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant properties, and their green synthesis using exopolysaccharides (EPS) from probiotic bacteria represents a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical reducing agents. In this study, EPS derived from Limosilactobacillus fermentum was employed as a bioreducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of EPS-ZnONPs, which were characterized by zeta potential analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nanoparticles presented hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 200 to 400 nm and maintained spectral stability in the UV-Vis region for up to 120 days of storage. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities were assessed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using a resazurin-based microtiter assay at concentrations ranging from 25 to 1.56 mg/mL. EPS-ZnONPs reduced biofilm formation by 81.65%, 46.39%, and 62.05% at 1× and 2× MIC, respectively, after 24 h of incubation. SEM analysis revealed membrane discontinuities in treated cells, while both microorganisms exhibited increased production of reactive oxygen species, indicating the induction of oxidative stress. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that none of the EPS-ZnONPs components exerted toxic effects on Vero CCL-81 cells. Collectively, the eco-friendly synthesis, lack of cytotoxicity, and functional biocompatibility of EPS-ZnONPs support their potential application as antimicrobial agents against foodborne pathogens.
The trichalcogenide ZrTe3 is a van de Waals quasi-one-dimensional compound that hosts both charge density waves and filamentary superconductivity. Here we report that Ru intercalation suppresses the CDW state in ZrTe3, while promoting bulk superconductivity. RuxZrTe3 single crystals with Ru content x = 0.08 were synthesized using an isothermal chemical vapor transport methodology, and the superconducting properties were studied by means of measurements of electrical resistivity (rho), magnetic susceptibility (chi), specific heat (Cp) and Seebeck coefficient (S). The temperature dependence of the upper critical field (Hc2) is consistent with a twoband model of superconductivity.
Vacuum Cherenkov radiation is investigated in the Lorentz-violating Standard-Model Extension for isotropic dim-5 operators m̂ and â^μ in the fermion sector. Both the kinematics and dynamics of this process are studied by analytical and numerical means, leading to its decay and radiated-energy rates as functions of the initial-fermion momentum. We adopt the point of view that vacuum Cherenkov radiation is actually a physical phenomenon expected to occur for a charged, massive fermion in the presence of Lorentz violation, when some additional requirements are satisfied. The absence of this effect in ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays detected on Earth allows us to infer stringent bounds on isotropic dim-5 Lorentz violation in protons, quarks, and electrons.
