Regional economic policy captures the future of a country's regions as desired by central government in the most generalized form. This creates a certain level of ambiguity in its formulation, which can lead to different interpretations of future paths of development among different levels of the public authorities, both state and municipal. Analyzing the process of regional policy implementation from the perspective of possible cognitive discrepancies caused by organizational structures and public administration rules shapes an organizational and institutional approach to studying this process. This article discusses existing interpretations of regional policies, as well as the stages of policy implementation. We also propose approaches to resolving ambiguities through the application of multiple streams framework developed in political process theory. At the same time, this article emphasizes the importance of incorporating the concept of opportunistic behavior from new institutional economics. Taking these concepts into consideration provides opportunities to develop recommendations for improving regional economic policies.
The transition from globalization to geo-economic fragmentation seen as a politically driven process of dividing the global economy into competing blocks of countries and regions, emphasizes the issue of national technological sovereignty and creates opportunities and challenges. This article focuses on how tax policy instruments can be used to enhance the positive effects and mitigate the negative consequences of geo-economic fragmentation in the context of technology sovereignty. We explore the rationale for using tax instruments to address technology lifecycle challenges, foster growth poles and support the development of technology ecosystems. Then, we discuss policy directions for tax incentives to support technological development and strengthen Russia's technological sovereignty. Three main directionsfortax incentives include: (1) structuralshifts in taxincentivesfortechnologydevelopment, with an emphasis on the medium and later stages (growth, diffusion, and maturity) of the life cycle of critical technologies, as well as tax support for the timely and controlled market exit of obsolete and unsuccessful technologies; (2) the creation of a more favorable institutional environment for the functioning of technological development ecosystems through the recognition of innovators' right to risk and the deterrence of rent-seeking behavior (including the institutionalization of excess profit taxation); (3) the design, calibration, and adjustment of new tax instruments to enhance supply chain security, ensure data sovereignty, protect confidentiality, and promote interstate technological alliances with friendly countries within the framework of regulatory sandboxes in special economic zones. This approach to state regulation of technological development implies tax policy oriented toward performance indicators and ensuring national technological sovereignty, neither toward immediate economic returns nor short-term budgetary efficiency targets.
The article examines the reasons for the diminished role of contemporary Western economic theory, specifically the neoclassical mainstream, in providing expert, analytical and predictive support for the practice of economic policy. Over the past three presidential administrations in the United States, policymaking has increasingly been delegated to so-called "political entrepreneurs" rather than relying on academic scholars, or "professors", as characterized by Paul Krugman. A notable example of the failure of "professors'" recommendations is the approval of China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). The article highlights the issue of academic monopolism within the mainstream economic community, particularly among American economists, as a contributing factor to the disconnection between theoretical research and real-world policy implementation. This monopolism is evidenced by the dominance of certain publications in leading academic journals and the concentration of Nobel Prizes within a narrow circle ofscholars. I also address the ideological function of economic theory, arguing that any economic framework inevitably reflects the ideological perspectives, values, and interests of politicians. The neoclassical mainstream's denial of this inherent ideological dimension is criticized as an anti-scientific stance. The theoretical underpinnings of Stephen Miran, who served as the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Biden's second administration, are contrasted with those of the majority of "professors". The article suggests that Trump 2.0's perceived radicalism and austerity and anti-science nature, as seen from the perspective of US academics, aligns with the economic interests and ideologies of an emerging elite in America, the "digital industrialists". It is anticipated that the vision of these digitalists for the economic order will shape a new economic theory in the foreseeable future.
A significant, and often decisive, contribution to the growth of GDP and employment in the economy, according to data repeatedly verified using broad international data, is provided by a small stratum of High-growth firms, (HGFs, or “gazelle firms”). However, according to the prevailing in the literature, the effectiveness of state support for the HGF is questioned due to the unstable and unpredictable nature of their growth. Many of the companies that received assistance not only fail to grow at their previous rates but also reduce production. The article proposes an approach to forecasting the continuation of rapid growth of a firm based on the assessment of the parameters of the free market niche that is available to the firm using a set of nonlinear micromodels. Based on the analysis of dynamics of 24 thousand permanent Russian firms for the period 2003–2022, firms were selected that had adapted well to the changing trends in the development of the Russian economy after the global crisis of 2008–2009 (95th percentile in terms of revenue growth rates and above for 2010–2014). It has been established that within this dynamic group of firms, large HGFs will demonstrate sustainable rapid growth in the future (2014–2022). On the contrary, the smallest and smallest HGFs, after the end of the period when they experienced rapid growth, experience a decline in revenue. The identified patterns may be useful for improving the methods for selecting firms supported as HGFs within the framework of industrial policy.
Businesses should make an examination to find the critical actions to make crypto assets environmentally friendly. This situation can help crypto assets to be environmentally friendly while keeping costs within a reasonable range. Accordingly, in this study, it is aimed to find the most essential innovation and knowledge-based criteria for the improvement of the green crypto assets. Within this context, a new model is generated by integrating different techniques. DEMATEL approach is adopted to facing expressions, quantum theory and Spherical fuzzy sets. Similarly, a comparative evaluation is also performed by using M-SWARA methodology. In the final part of the decision-making model, artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision-making approach is taken into consideration to rank 4 alternative strategies with respect to the green crypto asset investments. Additionally, a comparative examination is also made with TOPSIS technique for ranking these alternatives. On the other side, a sensitivity analysis is conducted by considering 6 different cases. The main contribution of this study to the literature is that a novel AI-based decision-making model is constructed to find appropriate investment strategies for the improvement of the green crypto assets. AI technique is integrated to the fuzzy decision-making theory. This situation has an important impact on the management of the uncertainty in an effective way. With the help of this issue, both methodological originality can be increased and more appropriate evaluations can be conducted. The findings indicate that technical support plays the most crucial role for the improvement of green crypto assets. Hence, for the purpose of making crypto assets environmentally friendly, it is necessary to invest in technology first. Owing to this situation, it will be possible to achieve cost-effectiveness of clean energy projects.
