Trauma-informed practice (TIP) and culturally responsive pedagogy (CRP) are frequently advanced as complementary equity approaches in schools, yet the practice-level interface between them remains under-specified—particularly in communities shaped by poverty, displacement, racism, and intergenerational trauma. This qualitative study examined how 26 primary school educators in a culturally diverse, socioeconomically disadvantaged Australian school described adapting trauma-informed practices to students' social and cultural contexts. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, with ecological systems theory providing an interpretive framework. Three themes captured educators' sense-making: (1) Prioritising safety and belonging, reflecting microsystem practices addressing basic needs shaped by socioeconomic adversity; (2) Navigating cultural complexity, illuminating mesosystem negotiations between institutional expectations and family cultural practices; and (3) Seeking deeper understanding, capturing educators' recognition of exosystem gaps between available professional learning and the intersecting realities of trauma, culture, and disadvantage. Findings highlight the interpretive labour educators undertake when adapting standardised frameworks to local contexts, while revealing tensions between individualised trauma responses and structural inequities. Implications for culturally responsive professional development, institutional policy reform, and educational practice are discussed.
Objectives To synthesise the evidence on the experiences of HRQoL, psychological well-being, and supportive care needs among informal caregivers of patients with cancer in the ICU and the experiences of the MDT to deliver supportive care. Methods This mixed methods systematic review was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Online databases and registers were searched using a predetermined inclusion criteria. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) assessed the methodological quality. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for mixed method systematic reviews was used to synthesise the qualitative and quantitative data. Results A total of 2211 studies were screened against the inclusion criteria. Fifty-six full-text articles were reviewed, and nine studies were included. The HRQoL of informal caregivers of patients with cancer was impacted by an inability to perform their own self-care tasks and anxiety/depression. However, little is known about how MDTs across ICU and oncology services deliver co-ordinated care. Conclusion Several domains of HRQoL and supportive care are impacted in informal caregivers of patients with cancer admitted to the ICU that may differ from the general ICU population. Implications for clinical practice This review highlights the impacted domains of HRQoL in informal caregivers of patients with cancer in the ICU, as well as their unique supportive care needs, which require further research and attention from nurses and the broader MDT.
This study evaluates Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) parameter selection for JIS SKD61 (AISI H13 equivalent) hot-work tool steel using a Taguchi L9 design and ANOVA, targeting surface roughness, hardness, and tensile strength. While LPBF studies frequently report AISI H13, a statistically structured assessment for SKD61 is scarce. Laser power, scan speed, hatch spacing, and layer thickness were systematically varied to identify a stable processing window and the most influential factors. An optimal volumetric energy density of 141.67 J/mm3 balanced melt stability and defect suppression, enabling consistent track overlap and reduced lack-of-fusion porosity over the build area. Specimens produced under the selected condition were tempered at 600 degrees C to relieve residual stress and tune the martensitic microstructure. Relative density was quantified from metallographic cross-sections, and surface roughness (Ra) was measured per ISO 4287. Microstructural evolution was examined by SEM and phase changes were assessed by XRD, revealing tempered martensite with carbide precipitation after heat treatment. The selected process, heat treatment route, achieved 99.78% relative density and Ra of 9.55 & micro;m, together with improved hardness and tensile strength compared with non-tempered builds. Compared with the as-built condition (UTS = 1342.58 MPa), tempering at 600 degrees C increased UTS to 1888.13 +/- 177.24 MPa. These results demonstrate that LPBF-processed SKD61 can meet property requirements for hot-work tooling, including die-casting dies and injection mold inserts.
Group spacing and cohesion are fundamental aspects of social structure in group-living species, shaping interactions and ecological dynamics. Defining what constitutes a group can be problematic in highly mobile group-living species such as delphinids. Spatial proximity among individuals is often used to delimit group membership, yet threshold distances lack justification. In this study, we combined machine-learning methods with measurements extracted from drone-based observations to investigate how the sighting size, age composition, and behaviour influence nearest-neighbour distance (NND) and inter-individual distance (IID) among Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Coffin Bay, South Australia. Our aim was to identify threshold distances for NND and IID that objectively define group membership based on spatial proximity. We identified threshold distances of 18 m for NND and 24 m for IID, based on the 95th percentile of their distributions across all sightings. Mixed-effects models showed statistically significant effects of sighting size, age composition and behaviour on both NND and IID, with effect sizes ranging from < 1 m to 12.6 m. Behaviour had the strongest impact, with dolphins exhibiting closer IID during socialising and travelling compared to foraging. Larger sighting sizes were associated with significant increases in both NND and IID, while higher proportions of juveniles and calves influenced spacing differently, and depended on sighting size. These findings reveal that dolphin spatial structure is dynamically shaped by sighting size, age composition and behaviour, advancing our understanding of the mechanisms governing group cohesion and coordination. The approach presented here provides an objective framework for defining delphinid groups, which is broadly applicable to other group-living mammals. Group spacing and cohesion are fundamental aspects of social structure in group living species, shaping patterns of interaction, coordination, and ecological dynamics. Defining what constitutes a group can be problematic in highly mobile taxa such as delphinids, where spatial proximity is often used but rarely empirically tested or quantified using data. In this study, we used drone-based observations and data processing incorporating machine-learning to investigate how sighting size, age composition, and behaviour influence dolphin spacing. This approach identified clear distance thresholds that reflect the natural cut-off point of this social cohesion. Our study provides a replicable and quantitative approach for objectively defining group membership based on spatial proximity, an approach that extends beyond delphinids to other group-living animals where social boundaries are fluid or difficult to observe directly.
Photocatalysis is a sustainable technology that can be used to produce fuels and chemicals. Cadmium indium sulfide (CdIn2S4) is a promising photocatalyst due to its high efficiency and ability to absorb sunlight. CdIn2S4 is one of the few semiconductors that can absorb up to 620 nm which represents 21% of the photons in solar illumination. Metal species can enhance the photocatalytic performance of CdIn2S4 through increasing charge separation and acting as catalytic sites for redox reactions. Herein, CdIn2S4 micropyramids/nanosheets were synthesized via a solvothermal synthesis and plasma-treated. Different metal species (atomic/small nanoclusters) were post-added to them via the deposition-precipitation route. The plasma-treated CdIn2S4 achieved an enhanced H-2 production rate of 985 mu mol g(-1) h(-1) in the presence of benzylamine under visible light irradiation (lambda > 400 nm) compared to untreated CdIn2S4 (667 mu mol g(-1) h(-1)). The introduction of Au and Ru species further enhanced the H-2 production rate to similar to 8.1 times (7968 mu mol g(-1) h(-1)) and 6.7 times (6632 mu mol g(-1) h(-1)), respectively, compared to the plasma-treated CdIn2S4. The plasma-treated Au-CdIn2S4 displayed photocatalytic oxidative coupling of benzylamine into N-benzylidenebenzylamine (a value-added product) with high selectivity >92% at a rate of 1102 mu mol g(-1) h(-1) under visible light irradiation (lambda > 400 nm).
