The global surge in demand for "clean label" and high-safety foods has propelled plasma-activated water (PAW) to the forefront of sustainable preservation technologies. As a pivotal non-thermal method, PAW represents the transition of the food industry toward green and intelligent manufacturing. This paper systematically reviews research frontiers from 2020 to 2025. By integrating multi-omics analyses-including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics-alongside molecular docking simulations, it reveals the molecular pathways through which reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) induce "metabolic collapse" and multi-target oxidative damage in microorganisms. Regarding safety, chemical risks are assessed by comparing PAW residues with natural nitrate levels in common vegetables, while potential neurotoxicity and biocompatibility are critically discussed. Furthermore, the preservation efficacy of PAW in fruits, vegetables, meat, and aquatic products is quantitatively analyzed, confirming its performance in inhibiting enzymatic browning, delaying lipid oxidation, and maintaining protein conformation stability. Finally, the study explores the convergence of AI-driven predictive modeling and machine learning algorithms to overcome scalability and stability challenges. By bridging molecular mechanisms with industrial feasibility, this review provides a strategic roadmap for implementing PAW in next-generation, intelligent food systems.
We investigate a system composed of strings uniformly populated by dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates of magnetic atoms. Evaluating the interaction between a dipole belonging to a given string and all other dipoles in the system, we derive a two-dimensional discrete model featuring a specific form of the nonlocal nonlinear interaction, governed by the respective variety of the discrete Gross-Pitaevskii equation. By means of numerical methods, we construct four distinct types of strongly localized discrete solitons, labeled as in-phase single-peak (ISP), twisted single-peak (TSP), in-phase double-peak (IDP), and twisted double-peak (TDP) ones, which are determined by the orientation of the magnetic moments with respect to the underlying lattice. If the moments are polarized along the lattice diagonal, the discrete solitons exhibit a stable species with a different spatial profile from the above-mentioned modes. The characteristics and stability of the soliton families are systematically investigated. Calculation of the energy for these solitons demonstrates that the IDP type tends to be the system's ground state.
Effective wound healing requires multifunctional materials capable of simultaneously managing exudates, preventing microbial infections, and promoting tissue regeneration. In this study, we report the fabrication of bifunctional Janus nanofibers via a novel conjugate bubble electrospinning technique that integrates hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer phases into a single fiber architecture. Hydrophilic domains composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blended with chitosan (CS) or sodium alginate (SA) were combined with hydrophobic poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrices, encapsulating curcumin or rutin as bioactive agents. The resulting nanofibers exhibited distinct phase interfaces, high structural integrity, and tunable wettability and drug release behavior. Comprehensive characterization revealed enhanced antibacterial activity, exudate absorption capacity, and cytocompatibility in Janus systems compared to mono-structured controls. In vitro drug release studies confirmed sustained and polymer-selective delivery profiles, while in vivo wound healing using a full-thickness rat model demonstrated accelerated tissue regeneration. Notably, PSA/PCRu nanofibers achieved a 95.2% wound closure rate within 15 days, outperforming all other groups due to synergistic moisture regulation and bioactive delivery. This work establishes conjugate bubble electrospinning as a scalable platform for producing multifunctional nanofibrous wound dressings, offering a promising strategy for the next generation of personalized, bioactive wound care materials.
Cadmium contamination in paddy soils threatens rice production and food safety. Silicon-based foliar treatments have shown potential to reduce cadmium transfer to grain, but field-applicable strategies with stable performance remain limited. This study evaluated whether a commercial nanosilica fertilizer applied alone or in combination with polyethyleneimine could reduce cadmium accumulation and improve the physiological and agronomic performance of rice grown in severely cadmium-contaminated soil. Pot and field experiments were conducted using the same contaminated soil. Foliar treatments included the nanosilica fertilizer alone and the nanosilica fertilizer combined with polyethyleneimine at 0.001, 0.003, and 0.005 g L⁻¹, applied at the tillering, booting, and grain-filling stages. Cadmium concentrations in different tissues, chlorophyll status, antioxidant responses, oxidative stress indicators, agronomic traits, grain-quality indices, and yield were assessed. Relative to the control, all foliar treatments improved plant performance and reduced cadmium accumulation in leaves, husks, panicle axes, and grains. Grain cadmium decreased by 10.1–42.6
Geopolymer foam has good thermal insulation properties. Due to its numerous open pores, geopolymer foam requires a protective coating to prevent environmental moisture penetration. In this study, a novel inorganic high-temperature-resistant coating specifically designed for geopolymer foam substrates was developed. The coatings were prepared via solid-liquid biphase blending at room temperature. The coating ratio design, process preparation, basic physical properties, water resistance, alkali resistance, high-temperature resistance, microscopic characterization, and thermal stability were examined. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of the best coating was 0.0536 W/(m & centerdot;K) and the coating retained 95% of its original mass at 600 degrees C. Observing the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results, it was found that the changes of lithium silicate solution (Li2O & centerdot;nSiO2; LS) concentration, sodium silicate solution (Na2O & centerdot;nSiO2; NS) concentration, and hollow microsphere (HM) dosage had no effect on the material composition, backbone structure, and functional groups of the coatings. The thermogravimetric (TG) results showed that the mass retention was still 94-97% at 1,000 degrees C, which indicated that the samples had good high-temperature resistance and thermal stability. This coating exhibited rapid drying, fast film formation, excellent adhesion, a smooth/glossy surface, thermal stability at 600 degrees C, and consistent performance. Applied using the slurry-coating technique, this method demonstrated practical constructability and promising application prospects.
