The Fulbright Program, including the Fulbright–Hays Program, is one of several United States Cultural Exchange Programs with the goal to improve intercultural relations, cultural diplomacy, and intercultural competence between the people of the United States and other countries through the exchange of persons, knowledge, and skills. Via the program, competitively-selected American citizens including students, scholars, teachers, professionals, scientists, and artists may receive scholarships or grants to study, conduct research, teach, or exercise their talents abroad; and citizens of other countries may qualify to do the same in the United States. The program was founded by United States Senator J. William Fulbright in 1946 and is considered to be one of the most widely recognized and prestigious scholarships in the world. The program provides approximately 8,000 grants annually – roughly 1,600 to U.S. students, 1,200 to U.S. scholars, 4,000 to foreign students, 900 to foreign visiting scholars, and several hundred to teachers and professionals.The Fulbright Program is administered by cooperating organizations such as the Institute of International Education and operates in over 160 countries around the world. The Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the U.S. Department of State sponsors the Fulbright Program and receives funding from the United States Congress via annual appropriation bills. Additional direct and in-kind support comes from partner governments, foundations, corporations, and host institutions both in and outside the U.S. In 49 countries, a bi-national Fulbright Commission administers and oversees the Fulbright Program. In countries that have an active program but no Fulbright Commission, the Public Affairs Section of the U.S. Embassy oversees the Fulbright Program. More than 370,000 people have participated in the program since it began; 60 Fulbright alumni have won Nobel Prizes; 88 have won Pulitzer Prizes.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.
Background: While Lampedusa Island has long represented the “Doorway to Europe,” migration is considered an emergent phenomenon rather than a constant occurrence. Vulnerable populations – particularly pregnant women – arriving there require both routine and urgent medical services. We describe a novel approach to triaging pregnant migrant women, observed clinical presentations, and the effects on healthcare resource utilization. Methods: The Lampedusa Protocol was implemented in March 2023 by the Agenzia Sanitaria Provinciale (ASP) of Palermo and the Italian National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP). Clinical and demographic data from 28 March 2023 to 31 May 2024 were collected and analyzed by cross-referencing the clinical databases of the policlinic of Lampedusa and the Italian Red Cross, the managing entity of the migrant hotspot. Resource utilization data were collected from the helicopter transfer data recorded by the emergency medical service for the island. Associations between patient characteristics and need for helicopter evacuation were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Findings: A total of 571 pregnant patients were assessed and treated between 3/28/2023-5/31/2024. Patients represented 23 nationalities, average age was 26 years (SD=6.6 years), and average ultrasound-estimated gestational age was 25.2 weeks (SD=9.6 weeks). The most common causes for needing helicopter transfer were late gestational age or concern for, or symptoms of, labor. Compared to the pre-implementation period, the proportion of patients requiring any flight decreased by 23% (24.5% to 18.9%, p= 0.027) and the proportion requiring dedicated urgent flights decreased by 52% (8.3% to 4.0%, p= 0.003) in the post-implementation period. No association was found between Multidimensional Global Poverty Index of origin country and requiring helicopter evacuation. Women with known nationality had reduced odds (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.27-0.90, p = 0.02) of requiring urgent helicopter evacuation. Interpretation: We demonstrate improved resource utilization with protocolized care pathways for maritime migrants in European borderlands. Funding: Dr. Alexandra Sansosti, MD was funded in part by a research grant from the US-Italy Fulbright Commission for this project.
Oliphant v Suquamish Indian Tribe (1978) is the most devastating Supreme Court decision for Native American tribes in the modern era (1970s – Present). The holding, which deprives tribes of the inherent power to prosecute non-Native Americans for crimes committed on reservations, continues to threaten tribal communities and erode indigenous sovereignty. In the dissenting opinion, Justice Thurgood Marshall (joined by Chief Justice Warren Burger) wrote, “[i]n the absence of affirmative withdrawal by treaty or statute, I am of the view that Indian tribes enjoy, as a necessary aspect of their retained sovereignty, the right to try and punish all persons who commit offenses against tribal law within the reservation.” Justice Marshall rightly noted both the inherent powers of tribes as sovereigns and the essentiality of criminal jurisdiction to tribal self-governance. Motivated by the implications of this decision, and the power of Justice Marshall’s pen, I present a dissenting opinion to Oliphant. This opinion is written as if it were contemporaneous with the Court’s Oliphant decision. The problematic term “Indian” is used only in this article in the context of external quotations or official legal phrases.
Repute pour avoir institue un systeme de cooperation particulierement efficace pour la mise en œuvre des articles 101 et 102 TFUE, le Reseau europeen de concurrence (REC) n'a pas ete etendu au controle…
