Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a severe public health problem. Patients with DM are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cardiac arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, and atrioventricular blocks. The pathophysiology of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with DM is complex and includes factors such as chronic hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, and autonomic neuropathy. In treating arrhythmias, emphasis is placed on the need for aggressive treatment of cardiovascular risk factors and regular monitoring of patients for arrhythmias. Recent studies on pharmacological treatment indicate the benefits of using sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists in reducing the risk of arrhythmia in patients with diabetes.
Research confirms that parental involvement in the therapy of children who stutter significantly enhances the effectiveness of speech therapy interventions. Parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and active engagement support the child in daily functioning and enable educational and advocacy actions within the broader social environment, particularly in schools. This study explored the impact of parents’ participation in group therapy workshops on their attitudes and experiences. Eight parents participating in sessions organized within the LOGOLAB programme contributed to the study. A qualitative method was employed, using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed through reflexive thematic analysis, identifying five main themes: 1) knowledge about stuttering, 2) parents’ emotions and experiences, 3) environmental reactions, 4) benefits of the workshops, and 5) expectations and recommendations. The results indicate that the parents’ active involvement in the therapeutic process is crucial for the effectiveness of speech therapy and contributes to improving the well-being of the child and the whole family.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders whose etiology involves complex interactions of environmental, genetic, and neurobiological factors. The developing knowledge regarding the genesis of this disorder, along with the increasing number of diagnosed cases, creates a need to search for more effective treatment methods. One potential complementary therapy is hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Its potential mechanism of action in ASD is primarily associated with its anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of neuroplasticity, and a potential impact on oxidative stress levels. Current research shows that HBOT may improve certain behavioral and cognitive factors in individuals with ASD, such as speech, communication, and psychosocial functioning. However, these results are often inconsistent due to potential adverse effects of HBOT, such as barotrauma and oxygen toxicity. This article highlights the significance of HBOT in ASD based on available literature from experimental studies conducted between 2012 and 2025.
Introduction: Madelung’s disease is a rare condition characterized by the presence of numerous symmetrical, painless, non-encapsulated lipomatous masses located in the neck, head, upper limbs, and upper body.Case Report: This paper presents the case of a 65-year-old Caucasian male who was admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology due to symmetrical neck masses and a tumor in the left parotid gland. The patient’s medical history revealed chronic alcoholism for approximately 30 years, accompanied by alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Imaging studies and fine-needle aspiration biopsy were performed. Surgical treatment included removal of the tumor from the left parotid gland and bilateral subtotal reduction of the neck masses. The postoperative period was complicated by the formation of a hematoma in the suprahyoid region. The patient is currently under regular follow-up at the ENT outpatient clinic.Conclusions: Madelung’s disease is a rare condition with an unclear etiopathogenesis. This case illustrates a therapeutic approach involving surgical resection of the lesions. Due to the high risk of recurrence, patients who undergo surgical treatment should remain under continuous medical supervision.
