Gauhati University, also known as GU, is a collegiate public state university located in Guwahati, Assam, India. It was established in 26 January 1948 under the provisions of an Act enacted by the Assam Legislative Assembly. It is the oldest university in Northeast India.It is accredited grade "A" by National Assessment and Accreditation Council. Starting with 18 affiliated colleges and 8 Post Graduate Departments in 1948, Gauhati University, today, has 39 Post Graduate Departments, besides IDOL (Institute of Distance and Open Learning), a constituent Law and Engineering College. It has 341 affiliated colleges offering undergraduate and post graduate courses in the faculties of Arts, Science, Commerce, Law, Medicine, Engineering and Technology. Gauhati University is a member of the Association of Indian Universities and the Association of Commonwealth Universities.
A simple and eco-friendly biocatalytic approach has been demonstrated for synthesizing heterocycles using the crude extract from Garcinia pedunculata fruit. Ethanolic extract of Garcinia pedunculata fruit has been successfully utilized to synthesize libraries of tetrahydropyridines, 1,4-dihydropyridines, substituted benzimidazoles, and 3,4-dihydropyrimidines by treating an aldehyde with appropriate reagents. The synthesis of tetrahydropyridines and benzimidazoles could be achieved at room temperature, whereas the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines and 3,4-dihydropyrimidines required reflux conditions.
The concurrent elimination of both inorganic and organic contaminants from wastewater, along with rising atmospheric CO2 levels, presents a major environmental challenge. This study introduces an eco-friendly activated carbon derived from Lippia alba leaves (LAAC) as a novel multifunctional adsorbent capable of removing Pb2+ ions, basic fuchsin dye, and capturing CO2. The synthesized LAAC was systematically characterized using XRD, FESEM-EDAX, TGA, FTIR, BET-BJH analysis, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of pH, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial contaminant concentration for the removal study of metal ion and dye. Adsorption of both Pb2+ and basic fuchsin followed the Freundlich isotherm, while maximum monolayer adsorption capacities were 141.47 mg/g and 60.39 mg/g, respectively. Kinetic studies confirmed a pseudo second order model, while thermodynamic results indicated that adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic. To further enhance process efficiency, ten machine learning algorithms were employed to optimize adsorption conditions and improve predictive accuracy. Additionally, LAAC demonstrated a notable CO2 adsorption capacity of 58.58 cm3/g at 288 K, highlighting its potential in atmospheric carbon capture. Overall, the study establishes Lippia alba based activated carbon as a sustainable and efficient material for simultaneous wastewater treatment and CO2 mitigation, offering a promising pathway toward green and integrated environmental remediation technologies.
The socioeconomic impact of climate change on low- and medium-income tropical monsoonal countries is disproportionately high even though their historical contributions to greenhouse gas emissions are the least. Here, we address the climate change impacts on a few aspects of the South Asian monsoon not adequately addressed in previous studies. The dual impact of the increasing trend in the frequency and intensity of daily rainfall extremes and a rapidly increasing trend in the frequency and intensity of daily humid heat-stress extremes in recent decades is one such aspect. The two types of extremes occurring in two different phases of monsoon intraseasonal oscillations contribute to accelerating the socioeconomic impacts in the region. India alone accounts for half of the global potential productivity loss due to increased extreme heat stress, with ominous implications for the economic growth of the country. One of two silver linings in the bleak outlook is a westward expansion of the Indian monsoon due to climate change. With the decreasing trend in mean rainfall over Northeast India stabilizing in the coming decades, while that over Northwest India continues to increase, the potential for food production and water resources in the country remains optimistic. The other silver lining is related to the predictability of the seasonal mean climate. We argue that a global El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictor is required to assess the true ENSO–monsoon relationship, and unravel that it remains robust with the Indian monsoon remaining highly predictable even in the face of climate change, especially at longer lead times.
The Galactic Centre black hole provides a naive environment for understanding unknown matter distribution and new gravitational physics. For this stellar orbits in the nuclear star cluster are reliable probes. We investigate different dark matter mass profiles through pericentre shift of stellar orbits near the black hole. We also study capability of existing and upcoming astrometric facilities to detect dark matter induced precession and to distinguish between several dark matter profiles. Parameters of different dark matter density profiles are estimated by using the most recent upper bound on dark mass near the black hole. These profiles are then used for calculating the gravitational potential and hence the relativistic pericentre shift of both low and high eccentricity orbits of 13 S-stars. We use the recently measured deviation parameter $f_{sp}$ for investigating competition between dark matter and gravitational physics within S2's orbit. The astrometric shift of the pericentres has been calculated and compared with existing and upcoming astrometric capabilities of large and extremely large telescopes. The orbit of S2 is found to be insensitive to dark matter induced precession. Low eccentricity and wider orbits are prominent probes for measuring dark matter induced precession which is accessible to present and upcoming astrometric facilities such as Keck, GRAVITY and TMT. The existing and upcoming facilities can distinguish between different dark matter profiles for some stars and hence they posses the capability to distinguish between possible formation histories of the central region of our Galaxy.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:OXA, a third-generation platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent widely used in gastrointestinal malignancies, is generally regarded as less nephrotoxic than earlier platinum compounds such as cisplatin. However, growing clinical reports and mechanistic studies indicate that renal injury can occur in a subset of patients and may be underrecognized. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on OXA-associated renal dysfunction by integrating clinical patterns of injury with pharmacokinetic behavior and mechanistic pathways relevant to kidney toxicity. METHODS:A focused literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect for studies published up to December 10, 2025, using keywords related to OXA and renal injury. Additional relevant publications were identified through citation tracking using ResearchRabbit. Records were screened and managed using Rayyan, with duplicate removal performed prior to eligibility assessment. Clinical reports, observational studies, and experimental investigations evaluating renal outcomes following OXA exposure were included, while non-original articles, non-English publications, studies lacking renal assessment, and reports with major confounding nephrotoxic therapies were excluded. RESULTS:Evidence indicates that OXA-associated nephrotoxicity, although less frequent than cisplatin-induced injury, is clinically relevant. Reported manifestations include AKI, acute tubular necrosis, proximal tubular dysfunction, immune-mediated hemolysis with pigment nephropathy, and tubulointerstitial nephritis. Mechanistic studies implicate transporter-mediated renal handling, oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, DNA damage responses, and segment-specific tubular vulnerability. Pharmacokinetic factors, cumulative exposure, combination regimens, and pre-existing renal impairment further influence susceptibility. CONCLUSION:OXA cannot be considered entirely free from renal adverse effects. Improved clinical vigilance, mechanistic insight, and risk-adapted monitoring strategies are essential to optimize patient safety while maintaining therapeutic efficacy.
