Aim To map literature on perceptions of patients, relatives, and healthcare professionals regarding the use of digital diaries in healthcare, to inform pre-implementation of an ICU diary by identifying factors relevant to feasibility, acceptability, and integration into ICU workflows. Methods The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines. Studies including patients, relatives, and healthcare professionals with experience of digital diary use in healthcare settings were eligible. Included studies reported perceptions of digital diaries. Data were synthesised using inductive content analysis. Findings From 679 identified records, 13 studies (2014–2025) were included, covering symptom diaries (n = 7) and ICU diaries (n = 6). The synthesis generated three overarching categories across user groups: relational connectedness and person-centred care; empowerment and meaning-making; and implementation and technological readiness. Across contexts, digital diaries were described as shaping communication, participation, and continuity of care, while also enabling reflection and meaning-making during illness and recovery. However, their perceived value was highly context-dependent and shaped by implementation conditions. Conclusions Digital diaries were perceived by patients, relatives, and healthcare professionals as influencing communication, continuity, and engagement in care. Patients highlighted reflection, increased awareness, and participation, while relatives emphasised connection and involvement. Healthcare professionals focused on usability, workflow integration, and organisational conditions shaping use. They were perceived as valuable when they supported communication and made patients' experiences more visible, but as less useful when poorly integrated into clinical routines. Their perceived value depended on how they were embedded in practice and shaped by interactions between users, technology, and organisational context. Implications for Clinical Practice Digital diaries have the potential to support communication, involvement, and continuity of care. However, realising this potential requires deliberate integration into clinical workflows, role definition, and user-centred design. Ongoing evaluation is essential, particularly in ICU contexts where experiential and person-centred outcomes remain underexplored.
NaOH and NaCl vapor are key alkali compounds released during the thermal conversion of high-alkali coal and municipal solid waste, and their accurate measurement is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of ash deposition, slagging, and other related issues. However, in-situ and species-specific measurement techniques with high sensitivity for NaOH and NaCl molecules in hash combustion environments remain largely underdeveloped. Based on photodissociation and laser atomic absorption spectroscopy, this study develops a quantitative diagnostic method for NaOH and NaCl applicable to high temperature combustion environments. During photodissociation process, the distinct photofragmentation properties of NaCl and NaOH provide straightforward component discrimination: 355 nm laser can photodissociate NaOH in generating Na atoms, while 266 nm laser photodissociate dominantly NaCl, which enables their differentiation. In subsequent measurements of photofragmentation-induced atomic concentrations, the absorption cross-section of photogenerated Na atoms at the 589.6 nm line was experimentally determined to ensure the measurement accuracy. The performance of two optical configurations (coaxial and orthogonal) was systematically compared, where the coaxial one is suitable for industrial applications, while the orthogonal one offers spatial resolution. Based on the photofragmentation and atomic absorption spectroscopy, a detection limit of 271 ppb and 303 ppb for NaOH and NaCl with a temporal resolution of 0.1 s was achieved using orthogonal configuration. Further applications in homogeneous reaction and heterogeneous coal pellet combustion demonstrate the technique's capability for accurate spatially resolved measurement. Besides, adaptability of this method to the combustion environments in a 100-kW pilotscale down-fired furnace was estimated, providing an effective tool for online monitoring of NaOH and NaCl release and transformation during combustion processes.
The purported immateriality of AI technologies is as illusory as the general understanding of conventional technologies as simply the application of politically neutral knowledge to nature. The materiality of technologies and their foundation in global inequalities has been illuminated by studies of ecologically unequal exchange (EUE). The aim of this article is to extend the applicability of EUE theory to digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) by highlighting how even the data that they process have an inevitably biophysical history. AI technologies represent a novelty mainly in the sense that, in addition to exploiting extractive areas through EUE, they are based on the appropriation of data from the public. We argue for understanding the materiality of data as derived from lived human time. AI's dependence on data can thus be regarded as representing and embodying biophysical processes and asymmetric transfers implicating issues of justice.
This chapter introduces and develops the concept of “implicated witnessing” as a documentary strategy within Belarusian and Ukrainian witness art. It analyzes excerpts from Svetlana Aleksievich’s prose cycle Voices from Utopia and Roza Sarkisian’s theater play H-Effect in relation to audio-visual recordings of the artists’ interactions with witnesses, including interviews, conversations, and improvisation exercises. The analysis reveals that Aleksievich’s testimonial writing foregrounds trust, inviting readers to empathize with traumatized witnesses, whereas Sarkisian’s testimonial theater emphasizes disbelief, prompting audiences to engage in ethical and critical self-reflection regarding the violence portrayed on stage. The chapter concludes that implicated witnessing in Ukrainian wit-ness art introduces innovative methods for resisting colonial oppression, highlighting the significance of “communal testifying,” which combines trust with critical engagement.
Biocoal is a fossil- free reductant in metallurgical processes. Due to the increasing use, risks associated with selfheating needs to be better understood. In this work, the apparent activation energy and reaction kinetics of a commercial biocoal were investigated using isothermal calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and basket heating tests, including the crossing-point method. The derived kinetic parameters were subsequently used to estimate critical storage volumes at 50 degrees C using both the Frank-Kamenetskii theory and a numerical model based on a global apparent reaction-rate expression. The results demonstrate that the activation energy depends strongly on temperature and reaction progress, exhibiting distinct kinetic regimes. At temperatures relevant for self-heating, activation energies obtained from isothermal calorimetry and the crossing-point method were substantially lower than the 87-90 kJ mol(-1) assumed in the N.4 test method for goods classification. As a consequence, the UN N.4 test for classification of goods classified the biocoal as non-self-heating, while both Frank-Kamenetskii theory and the numerical model predicted thermal runaway for container-scale storage volumes. The study highlights that reliance on the fixed activation-energy assumption in the N.4 procedure may lead to false-negative classifications. Recommendations for improved testing strategies are proposed, including multi-temperature calorimetric measurements, clearer definitions of the crossing-point temperature, and consideration of extent of reaction-dependent reaction rates. The findings support recent regulatory actions to classify biocoal as self-heating for maritime transport and underscore the need for revised standards to ensure its safe handling and storage.
