The Geological Society of London, known commonly as the Geological Society, is a learned society based in the United Kingdom. It is the oldest national geological society in the world and the largest in Europe with more than 12,000 Fellows.Fellows are entitled to the postnominal FGS (Fellow of the Geological Society), over 2,000 of whom are Chartered Geologists (CGeol). The Society is a Registered Charity, No. 210161. It is also a member of the Science Council, and is licensed to award Chartered Scientist to qualifying members.The mission of the society is: "Making geologists acquainted with each other, stimulating their zeal, inducing them to adopt one nomenclature, facilitating the communication of new facts and ascertaining what is known in their science and what remains to be discovered".
Climate change poses a significant threat to global environmental sustainability, demanding coordinated and effective action from all nations. As one of the world’s fastest-growing economies and a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, India faces the dual challenge of sustaining economic growth while addressing environmental degradation. This paper examines India’s Climate Action Plan (CAP) and evaluates its role in promoting environmental sustainability, particularly in alignment with the Paris Agreement and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study analyses key components of India’s CAP, including mitigation strategies such as renewable energy expansion, energy efficiency initiatives, and emission reduction measures, alongside adaptation efforts in agriculture, water resource management, and disaster resilience. It further assesses policy frameworks, financial mechanisms, and international cooperation supporting climate action. Findings indicate that India has made notable progress in reducing emissions intensity and expanding renewable energy capacity; however, challenges remain related to financing, technological capacity, governance, and continued dependence on fossil fuels. The paper concludes that while India’s Climate Action Plan represents a comprehensive and ambitious approach toward sustainable development, strengthening implementation mechanisms, enhancing adaptation investments, and fostering stronger domestic and international collaboration are essential to maximize its long-term effectiveness and environmental impact.
Early career researchers are a driving force the development of science – expanding on ideas, pursuing new discoveries, and finding ways to answer long-standing questions. This volume provides a small snap-shot of the interests and skills of early career researchers as they work on bettering our understanding of the solid solar system.
मानवाच्या उत्पत्ती पासून माणसाने वेगवेगळे शोध लावले. या शोधामधून अनेक विकासाच्या वाटा शोधल्या गेल्या आहेत. अश्मयुगातील मानव व आधुनिक युगातील मानव यांच्या राहणीमानात, संस्कृतीत, विचार शैलीत आणि सामाजिक विकासात फारच मोठा बदल झालेला आहे. हा बदल मानवाने आपल्या बुद्धीच्या जोरावर केलेला आहे. निसर्गाने मानवाला दिलेली अनमोल देणगी म्हणजे बुद्धी होय. या बुद्धीच्या सहकार्याने अनेक विकासात्मक बदल मानवाने केलेले आहेत. हे बदल करीत असताना पर्यावरणाचा ऱ्हास अति जास्त प्रमाणात केल्यामुळे त्याचे दुष्परिणाम आता आधुनिक काळात जाणवत आहेत. त्यामुळे यावर उपाय म्हणून पर्यावरणाचा समतोल राखून सामाजिक, भौतिक विकास साध्य करणे गरजेचे आहे. यासाठी काही सामाजिक नवकल्पना आणि वर्तनात्मक बदल करणे. सर्व सजीव सृष्टीच्या व नैसर्गिक साधन संपत्तीच्या वापरामध्ये काटकसर करून सुयोग्य वापर करणे गरजेचे आहे. पर्यावरण कृतीसाठी सामाजिक नवकल्पना तंत्रज्ञान आणि वेगवेगळ्या नवीन पद्धतीचा वापर करून पर्यावरण पूरक जीवनशैलीला प्रोत्साहन देणे. वर्तनात्मक बदल म्हणजे लोकांच्या सवयी व विचार आणि कृतीमध्ये सकारात्मक बदल घडवून आणणे. जेणेकरून हवामान बदल प्रदूषण कमी होईल आणि संसाधनाच्या शाश्वत वापर होईल. यामुळे सामाजिक व पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता साधण्यास मदत होईल.
Determining the optimal capital structure is a critical decision for any corporate entity, as it directly affects the firm’s cost of capital, financial risk, and value creation. This study develops and applies a Linear Programming (LP) model to identify the optimal mix of debt and equity financing for Vedanta Ltd., a leading diversified natural resources company in India. The model minimizes the firm’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC) while satisfying constraints related to leverage, interest coverage, and non-negativity. Financial data from Vedanta Ltd.’s annual reports are used to formulate and solve the LP model. Results reveal an optimal capital structure that balances the trade-off between risk and return, offering actionable insights for financial managers to enhance shareholder value. The study demonstrates the efficacy of LP as a decision-making tool for capital structure optimization under real-world constraints.
India’s electoral system has undergone continuous reforms to enhance transparency, inclusiveness, and credibility. This study examines how these reforms—particularly EVMs, VVPAT, voter identity cards, NOTA, and voter education initiatives—have shaped political participation and voter behaviour. Using secondary data from official reports, election surveys, and academic sources, the research finds that reforms have increased voter turnout, improved access, and strengthened trust in electoral processes, especially among women and youth. However, voter behaviour is influenced not only by reforms but also by socio-economic aspirations, digital media, leadership appeal, and identity politics. Persistent challenges such as opaque political financing, misinformation, criminalisation of politics, and low political literacy limit deeper democratic engagement. The study concludes that while reforms support participation, informed and responsible voting requires stronger civic education, digital accountability, and transparency in party funding.
