Georgia College & State University

State-led resettlement projects that urge communities to move location due to anticipated future risk from hazards may result in patterns of “circular resettlement”, as displaced people circulate between integrated resettlement communities and still-accessible settlements of origin to create sustainable lives and livelihoods. Further, residents’ own perception of risk shifts in relation to experiences of resettlement. These findings result from in-depth ethnographic research with two communities in rural Nepal, both resettled after a post-earthquake Geohazard Assessment designated them at high risk from ongoing landslides. This empirical material frames four intertwined arguments: (1) when the impetus for state-led resettlement is the potential for future risk, rather than actually experienced destruction, households can develop patterns of “circular resettlement” to cobble together livelihoods that combine the affordances of both old and new locations of residence; (2) local, national, and regional political histories and aspirations for modernity significantly shape contemporary resettlement policies in tandem with donor-driven priorities; (3) understanding resettlement outcomes requires attention to the intersection of temporal and spatial dynamics in post-disaster residential decision-making; (4) moving between multiple differently hazardous locations produces new lived experiences of risk for resettled people, generating transformations in subjectivity that can contribute positively to collaborative risk governance. We conclude with a recommendation that in cases where original settlements remain accessible despite some level of recognized risk, policy-makers should consider the prospects for integration across original and resettlement locations, rather than exclusively within spatially bounded integrated resettlement sites that separate people from their agrarian livelihoods and affective connections to place.

Abstract Geographic and gender biases in the history of ornithology have led to missed opportunities, and in some cases, backwards understanding of key evolutionary and behavioral processes. In studies of elaborate coloration and song, female birds have historically been neglected. The main framework for thinking about the evolution of elaborate traits has been sexual selection, whereby competition for mates has led to elaborate coloration and long, complex songs in males. Females have often been ignored or assumed not to change. Here we review current understanding of how these elaborate traits have evolved in temperate versus tropical areas. Ongoing research on orioles, other blackbirds, and all songbirds indicates that female song is much more common than previously thought. Social selection acting on both females and males throughout the year likely played an important role in the original evolution of bird song in both sexes. In many cases, the evolution of sexual dimorphism in both coloration and song is driven by the loss of elaboration in females, rather than the gain of elaboration in males. Accounting for both male and female display traits will lead to a clearer understanding of the evolution of coloration and song, which will also facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the full scope of topics in avian ecology, evolution, behavior, and conservation.

This paper studies how salient emotional triggers affect domestic violence. Using pitch-by-pitch data from Major League Baseball and crime reports from the National Incident-Based Reporting System, I examine umpire inaccuracies as an exogenous source of emotionally charged frustration. I find that domestic violence reports increase following losses in games officiated by highly inaccurate umpires. The effect is concentrated among the most inaccurate umpires and is driven by missed calls that favor the opposing team. These results are robust across specifications and occur in the hours following a game.