Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) is a private deemed university located in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Founded by the late Dr M. V. V. S. Murthi in 1980 in Visakhapatnam, it also has campus in Hyderabad and Bengaluru. It was previously affiliated with Andhra University under the name GITAM College, then gained autonomy status in the year 2007. GITAM is the first private engineering institute in the state to receive the University status. The campus in Visakhapatnam is the oldest of the bunch. It spreads across a little over 100 acres. Collectively, the three campuses have 19 institutions under their wing. Over the years, GITAM has taken part in many social activities and has also produced many renowned personalities.
Breast cancer is one of the major health concern and the second leading cause of death among women globally. The survival rates in breast cancer depends on the stages (Stage I–Stage IV), there by the early diagnosis and followed by surgery and chemotherapy is highly recommended. Conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, surgery often have limited efficacy and are associated with severe side effects in breast cancers. Thereby, biosafe materials with high potency is in high demand. Phytochemical loaded nano materials are bio compatible, bio safe as a result, that can be explored in breast cancer therapy with least toxicity effect to other healthy tissues. Exploring the potentiality of targeted drug delivery approaches to mitigate breast cancer, focusing on plant-based bioactive molecules (phytochemicals) and their coupling with nano carriers to overcome the different limitations of traditional therapies. The utilization of phytochemicals in breast cancer management, known for their safety and therapeutic efficacy, is discussed as an alternative approach in this review. Challenges such as poor bioavailability, short half-life, and lack of site specificity, which limit their clinical application, are addressed in different sections. Strategies for mitigating these drawbacks include conjugating phytochemicals with nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and carbon dots have also been described in this review. Nanocarriers enhance the stability, systemic bioavailability, and site-specific delivery of phytochemicals, enabling them to cross biological barriers effectively while reducing normal cell toxicity. These systems provide a “green corridor” to target breast cancer cells with improved therapeutic efficacy. Ongoing research and clinical trials highlight the promise of phytochemicals conjugated with nanocarriers in breast cancer therapy. This innovative therapeutic approach has the potential to revolutionize breast cancer management. Further research should focus on advancing the development and clinical application of phytochemicals conjugated with nanocarriers to ensure their widespread adoption in breast cancer therapy.
The growing demand for high-efficiency energy storage and ultrasensitive biomolecular sensing materials has accelerated the exploration of multifunctional nanocomposites. Herein, a cobalt sulfide-anchored Ti3C2Tx MXene composite (CT) was successfully synthesized through a hydrothermal route and systematically evaluated for its structural, electrochemical, and sensing capabilities. XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, and EDX analyses confirmed the formation of few-layered MXene sheets with uniformly distributed CoS nanostructures, demonstrating strong interfacial coupling and improved crystallinity. BET analysis revealed a significant increase in specific surface area from 27.97 to 46.26 m2/g upon composite formation, indicating reduced MXene restacking and enhanced porosity. Electrochemical characterization revealed a remarkable charge-storage behavior for the CT electrode, with a specific capacitance of 499.35 F/g, along with high energy density (277.22 Wh/kg) and power density (389.76 W/kg). The electrode maintained 81
The current development of Artificial Intelligence (AI), despite being dominated in most areas and sectors like healthcare services, education processes, or customer interactions, reflects a range of various potential uses, including conversational AI models such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude. Nevertheless, these models have several potential drawbacks, including the persistence of bias in algorithms in use, various potential ethical questions about user data privacy and security levels, a lack of transparency in the processes of decision-making, and varying accuracy in response to complex questions directed towards these models or a range of other chatbot models in general. This article is based on a systematic review of the technical and scientific literature available between 2019 and 2025 on a range of various potential issues about the overall process of development and evaluation of various models of chatbots in general. This article on the history of chatbot technology surveys the developments in chatbot technology, distinguishing between domain-specific and general-purpose chatbots, and exploring the role played by some of the most important models in establishing contemporary trends. This article also surveys different types of bias and hallucination in the outputs provided by chatbots and discusses their implications for User Interface and User eXperience (UI/UX) design, critically evaluating the varying systems used for evaluating these models. Also, it debates some of the regulatory challenges and compliance issues regarding data usage. Despite its acknowledgement of some of the proposed strategies for mitigation, this review does not attempt to create a mechanized approach for overcoming most, if not all, identified limitations; in fact, it advocates for more rigorous, empirically validated, and user-centric approaches for research of the future.
This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a novel adsorbent composed of iron oxide and zirconium oxide magnetic nanoparticles (ZrO2@Fe3O4 MNPs) functionalized with trisodium citrate (TSC). The structural and physicochemical properties of the ZrO2@Fe(3)O4@TSC nanocomposite were systematically investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The characterization results established that the ZrO2@Fe(3)O4@TSC nanocomposite shows a spherical morphology with particle sizes ranging from 16 to 20 nm. Magnetic measurements indicated that the nanocomposite possesses ferromagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization value of 7.71 emu/g. The adsorption narration of the ZrO2@Fe(3)O4@TSC nanocomposite was evaluated for the removal of Cd (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorption kinetics closely followed the pseudo-second-order model, demonstrating chemisorption as the leading process. The adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer adsorption on a homogenous surface. The maximum adsorption capacity was determined to be 50.26 mg/g at 303 K. These findings highlight the potential of ZrO2@Fe(3)O4@TSC nanocomposites as efficient adsorbents for heavy metal remediation in wastewater treatment applications.
An efficient, robust, sustainable, and eco-friendly RP-HPLC method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir in bulk and fixed-dose combined drug formulations. The RP-HPLC method was systematically developed by incorporating the Analytical Quality by Design concept, including risk assessment and response, and the Box-Behnken design statistical approach to define the critical method parameters and generate a reliable design space. Also, the RP-HPLC method was performed using an isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1
