Acharya Nagarjuna University

Following the successful vitrification and characterization of LiCoO2–P2O5 glasses containing 20–40 mol% LiCoO2 (5 mol% increments), the present study reports X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results and then focuses on their dielectric properties, ac/dc conductivity, and the examination of their suitability for solid-state batteries. XPS O 1 s results indicated that the amount of non-bridging oxygens increased with LiCoO2 content in the glasses, consistent with a network depolymerization effect. The presence of Co2+ and Co3+ was also verified by XPS; estimates based on the Co 2p3/2 satellites region indicated an increase in Co3+ concentration within ∼26–30% of total cobalt with increasing LiCoO2 content. The dielectric parameters, ac conductivity (measured from 4 Hz to 8 MHz and temperatures from 306 to 633 K) and dc conductivity in the same temperature range were found to increase, while the electrical impedance decreased with LiCoO2 content. Electrical modulus analysis and Cole-Cole plots revealed dipolar relaxation, with activation energy decreasing as LiCoO2 increased. This relaxation is ascribed to complexes of octahedrally coordinated Co2+ ions and surrounding oxygen ions. At higher LiCoO2 levels the conductivity (both ac and dc) is dominated by ionic contribution, whereas at lower concentrations, a polaronic contribution via electron hopping among Co2+ and Co3+ ions seemed to be significant. Overall, the results identify the higher-LiCoO2 glasses as promising candidates for further investigation as glassy solid-electrolyte materials, while the lower-LiCoO2 compositions may warrant investigation for electrode-related applications. Direct electrochemical measurements, including ionic transference, electrochemical stability, and cell-level cycling, are required to establish practical suitability for solid-state battery applications.

Solid-state reaction (SSR) method was used to prepare undoped and Dy3+-doped magnesium cadmium pyrophosphate (MCP) nanopowders (NPs). The average crystallite size was determined using Scherrer’s technique and W–H plot method in the powder X-ray diffraction study. Further, Rietveld refinement was carried out using the GSAS-II software package with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å). The surface morphology of the prepared samples shows a clustered pattern that resembles a stone-like structure in FE-SEM analysis. Raman spectral analyses confirmed the presence of the pyrophosphate groups, and FT-IR study was used to assess the vibrational modes of the samples. According to DRS study, optical bandgap values of the prepared samples are in the range 2.99–3.49 eV. The PL spectra of the samples exhibit emission at 574 nm when excited at 347 nm. The maximum emission intensity was observed at 574 nm for the 0.01

In order to investigate the transitory dispersal of a pollutant released from an outside source into a Jeffrey tetra-HNF over a stretching sheet considering heat and mass transpiration traits, we dispersed Ag, TiO2, ZnO, and Cu nanoparticles in ethylene glycol, which was the base fluid. This analysis considers the impacts of heat sources or sinks, magnetic fields, and thermal radiation. The bvp4c method is administrated to solve the resultant equations. Tables and figures provide an apparent representation of the outcomes. Understanding the thermal properties of tetra hybrid nanofluids can aid energy systems, biomedical fluid dynamics, and engineering applications, where the fluid flow and heat transpiration are essential to system performance. Notably, the heat transfer rate is 14.67% higher in tetra-HNF compared to NF, HNF, and Tri-HNFs. The model might be a helpful tool for assessing the impact of decontaminating actions for the water body and comprehending the polluting circumstances of an incorrect discharge incidence.

In this paper, liquid crystal texture analysis is adopted to estimate dipole related behaviour in ferroelectric liquid crystals: ((S)-(-)-2-methylbutyl 4'-(4"-n-alkanoyloxybenzoyloxy) biphenyl-4-carboxylates, where n = 16 and 18). In general, the true molecular dipole moments of liquid crystals arise from the charge distribution between the atoms of the molecules. Since molecular realignment under external or thermal conditions leads to changes in both polarisation and optical texture, the brightness variations observed in POM images reflect orientation dependent dipole behaviour. Therefore, grey level texture patterns can be used to track qualitative trends associated with dipole related molecular alignment. In the present work, the distribution of grey level intensities in liquid crystal textures is used only to correlate with charge distribution-based dipole behaviour and not as a physical measurement of the molecular dipole moment. Furthermore, dipole moments are computed from the molecular polarisabilities of the samples using FTIR spectroscopy. The results obtained from both approaches are presented only in terms of their qualitative trends and not in terms of magnitude or direct physical equivalence. While texture analysis relies on grey-level intensities, FTIR determines dipole moments from vibrational frequencies that reflect true molecular polarisability.

This paper applies a wrapped exponential distribution to the axial domain for arcs of arbitrary lengths. Furthermore, we provide a closed-form expression for the characteristic function of the l-axial wrapped exponential distribution. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of population characteristics, parameter estimation techniques, and simulation studies, focusing primarily on the semicircular exponential distribution. Additionally, we discuss the practical applicability of this distribution to real-world datasets.