Government Degree College, Sopore

The development of efficient one-pot methodologies for the in situ construction of polydentate N-heterocyclic ligands and their integration into coordination frameworks remains a central challenge in synthetic inorganic chemistry. Herein, we report a one-pot reaction of amino-functionalized pyridine (iso)nicotinoyl hydrazones, thiocyanate, and Mn(II) salts in acetonitrile, which yields two new mixed-ligand Mn(II) coordination complexes, [Mn(HL3)2(NCS)2(H2O)2] (1) and [Mn(HL4)4(NCS)2].CH3CN.0.5(H2O) (2), where HL3 and HL4 represents two in situ formed dipyridyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole ligands. These ligands are formed through a Mn(II)-assisted cyclization of amino-functionalized pyridine (iso)nicotinoyl hydrazone precursors (HL1 and HL2 in acetonitrile). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirms the in situ ligand transformation and reveals that both complexes contain six-coordinate Mn(II) centers in distorted octahedral environments, extended through diverse noncovalent interactions into higher-dimensional frameworks. Furthermore, the electronic properties of both complexes 1 and 2 have been demonstrated through theoretical studies based on DFT calculations. Molecular packings of both complexes 1 and 2 show similarity for the first five levels of intermolecular interaction strength. Mechanistically, this work demonstrates the dual catalytic and template roles of Mn(II) in directing both ligand evolution and supramolecular architecture. Overall, this work presents a practical and generalizable strategy for the one-pot synthesis of adaptive coordination materials via metal-mediated heterocycle construction, contributing to ongoing advances in crystal engineering and supramolecular design.

There is a high risk of heavy metal contamination to both the environment and the population; hence, special care and selective, trustworthy detection technology is required. This paper describes the preparation and use of a CoFe2O4@Fe-Pda metal-organic framework (MOF)-based electrochemical sensor to concurrently detect Cd2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ ions. The sensor exhibits a strong electrochemical response, characterized by well-resolved peak potentials for each target ion and a linear current response as the target ion concentration varies. Measurement of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) provides a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.6 ppb Cd2+ (10-55 ppb), 13.5 ppb Cu2+ (5-55 ppb) and 12.0 ppb Hg2+ (3-55 ppb) in individual analysis and 15 ppb, 8.45 ppb, and 11 ppb for simultaneous detection of Cd2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ ions, respectively. It is interesting to note that the presence of one metal ion does not affect the detection of the others, even at lower concentrations, which supports the sensor's high selectivity and minimal cross-reactivity. The increased sensing power can be ascribed to the synergistic effects between the magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and the Fe-Pda MOF, which together enable rapid electron transfer, a high surface area, and the potential for specific molecular interactions. These results demonstrate the promise of the CoFe2O4@Fe-Pda MOF as a robust electrochemical sensing platform for tracking toxic heavy metals in real time under complex aqueous conditions.

Mangrove expansion is increasingly central to climate and restoration policy in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), but endpoint gain alone does not show whether mapped establishment persists or where biomass accumulation is concentrated. We developed a harmonised 30 m Landsat workflow for 1990, c.2000, 2013 and 2023 that links mangrove extent to biomass-carbon proxy change, multi-epoch gain persistence and spatial screening. Random Forest extent maps were assessed using buffered spatial cross-validation and Global Mangrove Watch (GMW) benchmarking; the 2023 map showed a Dice agreement of 0.770 with GMW v4.0.19 and a 30 m tolerance harmonic agreement of 0.881. Mapped mangrove area increased from 46.5 to 84.8 km2, while biomass carbon increased from 6,456 to 40,097 Mg C, yielding a net change of 33,641 Mg C (123,463 Mg CO2e). Endpoint gain covered 6,412.68 ha and contained 100.5 thousand Mg of positive biomass ΔCO2e. Persistent mapped gain, comprising long-term and decadal persistent-gain classes, covered 4,387.77 ha, representing 68.4% of gain area but 76.2% of the positive gain-associated biomass signal. Persistence accounted for 90.7% of the ΔCO2e signal in the original top-10 hotspots, and nine of these cells remained in the persistence-ranked top 10. Only 66 persistent patches ≥10 ha retained 69.0% of the persistence-screened signal. The workflow moves beyond extent change by distinguishing endpoint gain from persistent mapped establishment and identifying candidate areas for restoration-outcome monitoring, field verification and blue-carbon pre-feasibility. Biomass estimates remain proxy-based and are not credit-issuance calculations.

PurposeThis article analyses environmental sustainability facing BRICS-T economies and explores the connection between CO2 emission and the main socio-economic factors: URB, FG, NRC, GDP, GG and RDE. The objective of the study is to learn more about how these dimensions influence carbon footprints as well as sustainable development paths. Design/methodology/approachIn this study, advanced econometric methods are utilized, including CS-ARDL, FMOLS and CCR using the data from 1990 to 2024 collected from the KOFG index and the World Development Indicators. These are exploited to investigate fast dynamics and long-term correlation with high credibility. FindingsUrbanization is revealed to significantly enhance carbon emissions primarily due to increased energy consumption and industrial activities, evidence of the need for sustainable urban development. There is a twofold effect of financial globalization: the first being the cleaner-technologies effect and, on the other hand, the industrial expansion–emissions relationship attributed to industrialization. Utilization of natural resources contributes to carbon emissions, highlighting the significance of sustainable use of our resources. The growth is consistent with the Environmental Kuznets Curve, according to which emissions rise initially, but at higher income levels their pace slows down. Successful extremity regulation (with strict governance) supports less-emitting technology (due to higher R&D expenditure), completed by ever-stricter regulatory conditions. Practical implicationsThe results of our analysis offer significant policy recommendations. We concluded that financial restructuring, better governance and R&D investments are indispensable conditions for achieving sustainable development. Policy makers are forced to trade off business expansion and environmental objectives as part of ensuring the sustainability of BRICS-T economies. Originality/valueThis article is the first attempt toward a multidimensional analysis of environmental sustainability in the case of BRICS-T economies, covering socio-economic, institutional and technological dimensions using relevant econometric methods. The results reveal the contingency relationship between financial globalization, governance and R&D with carbon emission reduction, offering new thoughts and policy insights for sustainable development.

Labour within the household constitutes one of the most fundamental yet frequently under-recognised forms of human work. Cooking, cleaning, washing, childcare, elder care, food preparation, household management, agricultural processing, animal care and the maintenance of kinship relationships sustain everyday social life, yet much of this activity remains outside conventional definitions of economically productive labour. This ethnographic study examines the gendered division of labour in Sopore town, Kashmir, with particular attention to the organisation, distribution and cultural valuation of paid and unpaid work within households. The study draws upon semi-structured interviews and life-history narratives collected from participants belonging to different generations and household arrangements. The field material provides accounts of joint families, contemporary smaller households, agricultural and livestock work, women's domestic labour, men's market and income-generating activities, childcare, elder care, seasonal work, technological change, women's employment and changing attitudes towards gender.