Great Ormond Street Hospital (informally GOSH or Great Ormond Street, formerly the Hospital for Sick Children) is a children's hospital located in the Bloomsbury area of the London Borough of Camden, and a part of Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust.The hospital is the largest centre for child heart surgery in the UK and one of the largest centres for heart transplantation in the world. In 1962 they developed the first heart and lung bypass machine for children. With children's book author Roald Dahl, they developed an improved shunt valve for children with hydrocephalus, and non-invasive (percutaneous) heart valve replacements. They did the first UK clinical trials of the rubella vaccine, and the first bone marrow transplant and gene therapy for severe combined immunodeficiency.It is closely associated with University College London (UCL) and in partnership with the UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, which is adjacent to it, is the largest centre for research and postgraduate teaching in children's health in Europe.In 1929, J. M. Barrie donated the copyright to Peter Pan to the hospital.
A comprehensive understanding of the complex three-dimensional anatomy of the temporal bone and inner ear is critical for accurate diagnosis, assessment, and surgical planning in patients being evaluated for cochlear implantation. A systematic imaging approach enables radiologists to identify anatomic variants, predict surgical challenges, and contribute to safer, more effective cochlear implantation in children. Anatomical variations and congenital malformations may affect implant eligibility, alter surgical approach, and influence clinical outcome. This review provides an overview of the normal anatomy and imaging appearance of the mastoid, middle ear, and inner ear, with great emphasis on key anatomic variants and malformations relevant to preoperative evaluation. Characteristic imaging findings and clinical implications of common malformations are illustrated using examples from our institutional experience. Vascular and facial nerve variants with surgical relevance are also reviewed. Finally, postoperative imaging assessment of implant positioning, electrode integrity, and potential complications is discussed.
Corticosteroids (CS) and exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) are effective induction therapies for pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD), but comparative studies evaluating long-term outcomes in small bowel CD are lacking. Children (2–18 years) with newly diagnosed small bowel CD involving the ileum prospectively enrolled in the multicenter Canadian CIDsCaNN or European PIBD-SETQuality inception cohorts receiving CS or EEN induction treatment were evaluated longitudinally. The primary outcome was sustained steroid-free remission (SSFR) at 1 year. Secondary outcomes included changes in height z-scores, time-to-first-biologic and time-to-luminal-resection. Results were confirmed after propensity score matching (PSM). In total, 208 children (61
Associated craniofacial malformations such as ocular anomalies and macrostomia are frequently seen in craniofacial microsomia (CFM). This study assessed associations between objectively measured facial morphology and clinically observed craniofacial malformations in patients with CFM in order to identify clinically significant patient clusters based on these characteristics for preferential screening purposes. In this multicenter cross-sectional cohort study, facial morphology was assessed from three-dimensional (3D) photographs using asymmetry index (ASI) and facial signature (FS) scores, as well as a principal components (PC) analysis of FS scores. Differences in ASI, FS and PC scores were calculated for patients with and without craniofacial anomalies. A clustering analysis was applied to identify patient clusters based on facial morphology and the presence of craniofacial anomalies. A total of 179 patients were included, and significantly higher ASI and FS scores were found in patients with ocular anomalies, skin adnexa-related anomalies, clefting, inner ear anomalies, speech- and language difficulties and vision difficulties compared to patients without these anomalies or difficulties. Two clusters were identified, with significant differences in PC scores, craniofacial anomalies, as well as speech- and language- and vision difficulties. Conclusion: Patients with ocular anomalies, skin adnexa-related anomalies, clefting and aural atresia, or anomalies in two or more of these groups had more facial hypoplasia, while patients with anomalies in two or fewer of these groups had less facial hypoplasia. 3D photography may be a promising tool to identify patients that should be screened for these concurrent craniofacial anomalies.
Renal transplantation is the preferred treatment for children with end-stage renal failure, offering superior survival, growth, and quality of life compared with long-term dialysis. Up to 40
The use of standardised structured radiology reports improves the consistency, reproducibility and overall quality of radiological reporting while enhancing communication with referring physicians and ultimately contributing to improved patient care. To develop a standardised structured report template for foetal and neonatal postmortem magnetic resonance imaging through expert consensus. A Delphi survey was conducted between September and December 2025 among members of the ESPR Postmortem Task Force and other recommended international PM imaging experts. The surveyed items were derived from clinically used MRI reporting templates across the expert group. Consensus was defined using a ≥75
