Gushkara Mahavidyalaya

This review describes the application of Carbohydrate biopolymers as green inhibitors for inhibition of metal corrosion. The protective capacity and precise mechanisms of these green inhibitors depend heavily on their molecular weight, chemical composition and unique electronic configurations. For instance, cellulose and chitosan possess free amine and hydroxyl groups. These groups contain heteroatoms (nitrogen and oxygen) with lone pairs of electrons. These lone pairs are shared with the vacant d-orbitals of the metal, forming coordinate bonds that create a protective molecular film over the metal surface. A detailed analysis is provided for various carbohydrate biopolymers including gums, alginates, starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl cellulose—alongside an evaluation of how halide additives synergistically improve their anti-corrosion efficiency is discussed.

Oxidative stress (OS) is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between free-radical production and antioxidant activity within the body. Status of endogenous antioxidants is not always sufficient to mitigate the oxidative damage. In this case, exogenous antioxidants could help to minimize free-radical production and subsequent OS. Green tea is rich in several phenolic compounds that have strong antioxidant properties. However, their mechanism of action is still unclear. Hence, the present study aims to investigate binding affinities of six green tea polyphenols such as catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and gallocatechin for common ROS producers such as Lipoxygenase (LOX), CYP2C9, and NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX). Results indicated that polyphenols interacted with binding pockets of these enzymes through hydrogen bonds and other stable interactions such as van der waals, Pi-Pi, Pi-alkyl, and alkyl. All polyphenols showed varied binding affinities. Among them, epigallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin showed the highest binding affinities for the ROS producers. Findings of the present study suggest that, apart from free radical scavenging activity, green tea polyphenols may directly interact with binding pockets of LOX, CYP2C9, and NOX to dampen ROS production and OS. However, studies involving animal models are required for additional validation of results.

The spectacle of human misery, pain and suffering in Kalyuga besieges Dr. Anand to escape to the imaginary world of Ultronia in The Ultronic Age: The Celestial Region. The poet imagines that mankind's complete immersion in sin provokes Rudra, the God of Destruction, to destroy more than half the population towards the end of Dominion of Netherworld, Kalyuga comes to end. In the third and final book of The Mahaakal Trilogy, with the advent of the "Era of Millenium," the poet visualizes humankind's return to an alternative/ideal world of living under the reign of Queen Ultronia. In other words it is envisioned as mankind's return to 'Satyuga.' The quest of the author is to perceive the quality of living of the denizens of Ultronia, taking into consideration the similarities and differences they have with Golden Age people and the inhabitants of Utopian society. The query stimulates the author to explore Dr. Anand's philosophy that permeates The Ultronic Age, and understand both the perspectives through a comparative study of The Ultronic Age with Thomas More's Utopia. In view of the unique distinctive features of the Ultronian society in contrast with Golden Age society and Utopian society, the author, taking cognizance of the poet's conviction of mankind's immense potential for good action and philosophy of 'cosmism,' concludes that what is initially understood as mankind's emergence to 'Satyuga' (the Golden Age) is actually the 'ultra' civilization of 'Neo-Satya Yuga,' and Dr. Anand's The Ultronic Age emerges as a precursor to new trend of Ultronian literature.

Estuaries provide life support to aquatic biota and livelihood support to fishermen and local inhabitants. However, the ecosystem function of estuaries is impaired due to anthropogenic stressors and hence, the assessment of ecosystem health using ecological indicators will deliver the status of stability, maturity, and integrity of an estuary. In this paper, we compiled comprehensive ecological data into an Ecopath model from 2018 to 2019 for a tropical Indian estuary, Mandovi (ME) located along the western coast of India. The functional groups (22) identified in the food web ranged from primary producers (trophic level (TL) = 1) to dolphins (TL 4.4). The indices: biomass/total system throughput (0.01), primary production/respiration (11.04), and primary production/ biomass (35.7) showed that the estuary is a developing ecosystem far from maturity. The ME food web is an immature, complex and organized trophic network with a medium rate of recycling (Finn’s Cycling Index = 9.75%), high total system throughput (17,132.33 tons km−2 year−1), low ascendency (19,610 tons km−2 year−1), high relative ascendency (47.8%), moderate connectance (0.36), and omnivory indices (0.26). The health indices: eco-exergy index (21,471.33 gm detritus equivalent m−2) and system robustness (0.153) showed that the ecosystem is immature but resilient to unexpected perturbations in the ecosystem. The ecological indicators were compared with other global estuaries, and the environmental indices were developed for the ME. Based on the ecological indices, the estuarine system is immature, moderately developed, and not well organized in terms of its ecological components. The study also indicates that an ecological approach would be more appropriate and essential in analyzing tropical transitional waters' health and sustainability.

In this sequel, we introduce and study the concept of the weak orthogonal metric spaces as a generalization of the orthogonal metric spaces. Besides, we define and study the generalized quasi-contractions on such spaces and illustrate several non-trivial examples to endorse our obtained results. Among other things, as corollaries we obtain the main results of some of the pioneering articles existing in the literature. Finally, we answer the open question posed by Gordji et al. [On orthogonal sets and Banach fixed point theorem, Fixed Point Theory, 18(2):569-578, 2017].