Introduction L’enseignement de l’anatomie pathologique demeure complexe pour les étudiants de 3e année, en raison de la diversité des techniques et des pathologies. Les flashcards, ou cartes questions-réponses, représentent une méthode pédagogique active et interactive favorisant la mémorisation, la compréhension et l’autonomie dans l’apprentissage. Méthodes Dix étudiants de 3e année ont participé à un stage de deux semaines au service d’anatomie pathologique de l’hôpital Mongi Slim La Marsa. Des flashcards ont été élaborées pour répondre point par point aux objectifs du carnet de stage, incluant :– les étapes techniques en Anapath, histochimie et immunohistochimie ;– l’examen extemporané ;– les aspects macroscopiques et microscopiques des pathologies courantes : adénocarcinome, carcinome épidermoïde, cancer du col utérin, frottis cervico-utérin, facteurs histopronostiques du cancer colorectal, cancer du sein et lymphome de Hodgkin.Les cartes pouvaient être utilisées individuellement ou en binômes, permettant soit un apprentissage autonome, soit des interactions stimulantes et collaboratives. Les étudiants ont évalué leur satisfaction via un questionnaire structuré. Résultats Tous les participants ont rapporté une meilleure assimilation des techniques et des pathologies étudiées. Les flashcards ont été jugées très utiles pour structurer l’apprentissage, faciliter la révision ciblée, renforcer la compréhension des objectifs du stage et favoriser l’interaction et la coopération entre étudiants. Conclusion Les flashcards constituent une méthode pédagogique innovante et hautement efficace pour l’enseignement de l’Anapath aux étudiants de 3e année, améliorant la mémorisation, l’engagement et la compréhension. Leur utilisation, en individuel ou en binômes, pourrait être généralisée à d’autres stages cliniques, contribuant à une pédagogie plus interactive et centrée sur l’étudiant.
Background: Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are considered a vulnerability marker in a wide range of psychological disorders, particularly depressive disorders. This study aims to to evaluate the effects of antidepressant treatment on these cognitive schemas and to study the relationships between EMS and demographic and clinical factors in major depression. Methods: We conducted a three-month prospective study of 80 patients with a major depressive disorder according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V); who were treated with antidepressant medication. EMSs were assessed using the Arabic version of the Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form, and depression severity was measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale before and after 3 months of antidepressant treatment. Results: The EMSs with the highest scores in depressed subjects were: self-sacrifice, social isolation, emtional deprivation, and abandonment/instability schemas. After 3 months of antidepressant treatment, mean EMSs scores decreased significantly, with the exception of the Entitlement schema. A linear regression showed that baseline depression severity (Hamilton T0) did not predict changes in EMSs scores, except for the failure s chema. Scores for all EMSs were not correlated with the initial severity of the depressive disorder or its severity after 3 months of treatment. Conclusion: Mean scores for most EMSs decreased significantly after 3 months of antidepressant treatment. These results underscore the importance of additional research on cognitive plasticity of EMSs and the mechanisms underlying treatment effects, which could inform more personalized and effective therapeutic strategies.
The objective of this study is to develop evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) and juvenile psoriatic arthritis (JPsA) in the African context. The recommendations for ERA and JPsA were combined into a single document. The steering committee and task force identified 15 key questions and formulated 35 research questions. A comprehensive literature review, utilizing Medline and a manual search for African local data, was conducted to gather evidence. Following this synthesis, the task force developed draft recommendations and engaged in a Delphi process with an expert panel, including 17 African and three international experts, to reach a consensus and ensure alignment with global standards. The final recommendations were assigned a level of evidence and subsequently approved by the task force members, the expert panel, and the PAFLAR Board. Fifteen recommendations on the diagnosis and management of ERA and JPsA were developed, covering the role of the pediatric rheumatologist in multiple aspects of disease management, including diagnosis, monitoring of disease and extra-articular manifestations, determining treatment strategies, and guiding interventions. The level of evidence supporting these recommendations was variable, leading to the identification of a research agenda to address African particularities and answer pending questions. The final recommendations achieved a high level of agreement, with consensus ranging from 90 to 100
BACKGROUND:Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatologic disease of childhood. The Existing guidelines for polyarticular JIA are typically based on data from non-African populations and may not fully address the unique challenges faced in African settings. We aimed to produce updated African guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of children and adolescents with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (poly-JIA). METHODS:This study was conducted with the aim of reaching a consensus among African experts on the diagnosis and treatment of poly-JIA using the Delphi technique. The first scientific committee identified a total of 15 key clinical questions according to the PICO (Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) approach. A systematic review of the evidence-based literature was conducted for this work. The core steering group identified researchers and clinicians with expertise in pediatric rheumatology. A Delphi process was used to reach consensus. RESULTS:An online questionnaire was sent to the expert panel that participated in the survey (100% response rate). A total of 15 recommendation points were identified, divided into two parts: five recommendations for diagnosis and ten recommendations for management. The percentage of those who agreed with the recommendations (fourth and fifth place) ranged from 80 to 100%. All 15 clinical recommendation statements that the scientific committee had identified had been agreed upon in wording (i.e., 75% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed). CONCLUSIONS:We successfully developed guidelines for children with polyarticular JIA, taking into consideration the African specific nature of limited resources and low income, also on the same time incorporating newly released data and using a treat to target approach.
