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Saltbush (Atriplex hortensis L.) and birch leaves (Betulae folia) are ubiquitous raw materials with a wide range of useful properties. This research focused on the actoprotective effect that a mixed aqueous extract of these two plants had on laboratory rats subjected to forced swim test. The experiment included an intact group (control), rats that received treatment but underwent a forced swim test, and rats that were administered with the experimental aqueous extract of A. hortensis and Betulae folia followed by the forced swim test. The mixed extract of A. hortensis and Betulae folia (Kemerovo Region, Russia) was administered intragastrically to threemonth-old male Wistar rats (4 mL/100 g body weight) who performed daily 2-h swimming sessions for two weeks. The chemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol), 8 essential amino acids, and 17 amino acids, including amino acids with a branched side chain (valine, isoleucine, leucine). The forced swim test made it possible to study the effect of the extract on the hematological parameters of peripheral blood. The hematological analysis showed that the administration of the extract restored leukocytes, lymphocytes, and hemoglobin to the levels demonstrated by the animals in the intact group. As for the electrocardiographic parameters, the swimmers demonstrated a faster depolarization of the heart chambers while maintaining normal heart rate, which denoted an efficient compensation for the hypertrophic changes in the myocardium caused by the physical exertion. In this in-vivo research, the extract of Betulae folia and aerial parts of A. hortensis had no cardiotoxic effect and helped restore the level of blood oxygenation after physical exertion. In the future, the synergetic actoprotective effect of these two widespread plants can be used in dietary supplements and functional foods.
Soybean lipophilic protein (LP) is composed of beta-conglycinin (7S), glycinin (11S), and oil body proteinphosphatidylcholine (OBPs-PC), but the interactions among its components and their effects on foaming properties remain unclear. In this study, we reconstituted these components at the native LP ratio and systematically investigated the regulatory mechanism of protein-protein interactions on foaming properties. The results showed that the nature of component interactions determined foaming properties. 7S and 11S exhibited a synergistic effect: compared with the individual components, their combination underwent conformational rearrangement, characterized by decreased particle size, transition from beta-sheet to random coil, increased free sulfhydryl content, reduced surface hydrophobicity, and fluorescence quenching. These changes enhanced interfacial adsorption and foam stability, making 7S + 11S exhibit the optimal foaming ability (136.44%) and stability (58.42%). In contrast, OBPs-PC, due to its strong hydrophobicity and large-sized aggregates, inhibited interfacial adsorption, causing a significant decrease in the foaming ability of OBPs-PC-containing complexes. Molecular interaction analysis indicated that hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions were the main non-covalent forces driving complex formation. Rheological results confirmed that 7S + 11S foam had the highest storage modulus and the widest linear viscoelastic region. In conclusion, 7S and 11S achieved optimal foaming properties through conformational rearrangement and synergistic interfacial behavior, while the strong hydrophobicity and largesized aggregates of OBPs-PC disrupted interfacial equilibrium and inhibited foaming. This study provides a theoretical basis for expanding the application of LP as efficient gas-water interface stabilizers and foaming agents.
Understanding the combined effects of hydrogel:oleogel ratio and protein concentration on dual-protein–flaxseed oil bigels is essential for developing plant-based carriers of functional oils. The results showed that in the 75:25 (O/W-type) system, electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds were jointly dominant, giving the highest small-strain elastic moduli and lowest tan δ (0.19–0.29). In the 50:50 bicontinuous system, hydrogen bonds dominated, and the system exhibited the sharpest radial distribution peak as well as the lowest interfacial and total interaction energies. In the 25:75 (W/O-type) system, hydrophobic interactions dominated with disulfide bonds as auxiliary crosslinks, and the oil phase was continuous with the glyceryl monostearate (GMS) crystalline network locking the water droplet size. Furthermore, the regulation of protein concentration was system-dependent. In the O/W-type system, high concentration enhanced gel strength, accompanied by increased particle size, oil droplet flocculation and a higher free water content, reflecting network densification with localized water release; in the bicontinuous system, 20% gave the smallest particle size, the highest ζ-potential, and a more unfolded conformation; in the W/O-type system, high concentration formed strong and tough microgels, imparting the overall highest hardness and springiness.
Petroleum-based plastic packaging poses a serious threat to the environment due to its non-biodegradability and persistence, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. In this study, chitosan (CS) films as a green packaging material were modified by a high-internal-phase Pickering emulsion loaded with catechin and tea tree oil (PCT-TEO). Within the emulsion, soy protein isolate (SPI) and catechins (CT) formed a stable system through hydrogen bonding. The resulting PCT-TEO exhibited uniform droplet distribution, high electronegativity (-36.17 mV), and enhanced stability. FT-IR analysis confirmed the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between PCT-TEO and CS. Compared to the control, the PCT-TEO-modified films showed improved barrier properties and significantly increased radical scavenging rates for DPPH (71.48
PurposeThis study investigates the complex interplay between language arousal and visual features in social media content across diverse destination contexts. By examining how these multimodal elements jointly influence user engagement, it provides strategic insights for optimizing destination marketing communications.Design/methodology/approachGrounded in social information processing theory and dual coding theory, this study employs multi-modal machine learning methods to analyze large-scale social media data. It systematically examines how language arousal interacts with visual attributes (hue, saturation and brightness) to affect engagement across urban and natural destination contexts.FindingsFirst, language arousal significantly enhances user engagement, with a stronger impact in urban destinations than in natural destinations. Second, visual elements moderate the impact of language arousal in context-specific ways: hue amplifies arousal effects in natural destinations, high saturation reduces processing efficiency and appropriate brightness enhances persuasiveness through environmental congruence. Third, the moderating effects of visual features on language arousal demonstrate greater significance in natural destinations than in urban contexts, revealing a complex interaction.Originality/valueThis research advances tourism scholarship by pioneering the integration of linguistics and visual content analysis through machine learning methodologies. It addresses a critical theoretical gap by examining how the complex interplay between language arousal and visual elements shapes user engagement specifically in destination marketing, which differs fundamentally from conventional product marketing due to the experiential and high-involvement of tourism destinations.
