The article analyzes the phenomenon of greenwashing as a marketing strategy aimed at creating a false pro environmental image of companies. The paper discusses the evolution of the term—from its origins to contemporary, advanced forms of visual and communicative manipulation. Particular attention is devoted to the fast fashion industry, in which brands such as H&M, Zara, and Shein exploit gaps in consumer awareness and psychological mechanisms to stimulate sales. The analysis is based on a comparison of the “Seven Sins of Greenwashing” framework with market research findings that indicate a significant discrepancy between consumers’ pro environmental declarations and their actual purchasing choices, which are primarily driven by price. The main research problem is an attempt to answer the question: How do greenwashing practices employed by clothing brands influence the consumer decision making process? The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of greenwashing strategies employed by selected apparel brands within the framework of the “seven sins of greenwashing” model, as well as to investigate the extent to which a fabricated pro‑environmental image shapes and alters consumers’ market behaviours.The article applies research triangulation, combining a critical analysis of the literature, a case study of selected clothing brands, secondary analysis of statistical data based on market research results, and a comparative method juxtaposing companies’ pro environmental claims with actual data on recycling and emissions.
Meeting the demand for high-quality functional fish feeds, taking into account their successful import sub-stitution, is currently of great interest to the fisheries industry. The shortage of high-quality protein raw materials negatively affects feed production, reducing the production of full-fledged compound feeds. To partially replace fish meal, microbiological synthesis products can be used as an alternative protein source. The main advantage of this component is a higher rate of accumulation of microbial biomass compared to plants and animals. The study of protein biosynthetic products as feed components must be justified from the point of view of feasibility and economic feasibility. This will stimulate the development of aquaculture and increase the volume of intensive forms of fish farming. In the course of the research, fish meal was partially replaced in the starter (20.0%) and production (15.0%) feed for juvenile Rosenberg shrimp with the protein feed additive DREAMFEED®, which is a concentrate of the microbial protein Methylococcus capsulatus. The analysis of the nutritional value of compound feeds showed that compound feed with the feed protein additive DREAMFEED® had a protein content of 67.01-67.34% and energy of 20.1-20.5 MJ/kg. The higher growth rate was shown by the experimental group that consumed feed with the replacement of fish meal with the feed additive DREAMFEED®. The absolute increase was 17.53 and 14.53 g in the experimental and control groups, respectively. During the entire study period, the survival rate in the experimental version was 89.0%. In the control case, the survival rate did not exceed 82.0%. As a result of the analysis of the mineral composition of the liver, muscles and shell of cultured shrimps, it was found that K is present in all the studied samples. The largest amount of K was recorded in the muscles of the shrimp of the control group – 14 996 ± 150 mg/kg, compared to 14 867 ± 135 mg/kg in the experimental group. The lowest amount of K was recorded in the liver samples of the experimental group – 5 049 ± 254 mg/kg, with 6 520 ± 221.0 mg/kg in the shrimp of the control group.
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the physiological changes occurring in the human body with increasing altitude and decreasing barometric pressure, and to summarize current knowledge on high-altitude diseases, with particular emphasis on Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS). The article outlines the pathophysiological basis of its clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnostic criteria, differentiation from other conditions, and methods of prevention and treatment. It also aims to raise awareness of high-altitude risks and promote safe practices during mountain travel. This work is intended as educational material for medical students, health professionals, travellers, and those beginning their high-altitude journeys. Materials and methods: This review paper is based on data obtained from peer-reviewed scientific articles and reports published in reputable databases and journals, including PubMed, Taylor & Francis, CDC, SAGE Journals, ScienceDirect, and Practical Medicine, as well as Modern Management Review, The American Journal of Medicine, PLOS One, and High Altitude Medicine & Biology. The analysis also draws on the official position of the UIAA Medical Commission. Clinical studies, reviews, guidelines, and reports on high-altitude diseases published between 2010 and 2025 in English or Polish were included. Conclusions: Acute mountain sickness arises from inadequate acclimatization to high-altitude hypoxia. Key risk factors include rapid ascent and prior AMS episodes. Gradual acclimatization is the most effective preventive measure, while pharmacological support may aid high-risk individuals. Early symptom recognition and prompt intervention are essential to prevent severe, potentially life-threatening complications, underscoring the importance of understanding human physiological limits and adaptation in extreme environments.
Gród w miejscowości Grzybowo (pow. wrzesiński) był jednym z najważniejszych ośrodków w okresie tworzenia się państwa Piastów. Jego najstarsza faza przypada na lata 919–923.Zainteresowanie badawcze sięga XIX w., ale systematycznie wykopaliskowo badany był dopiero w latach 1989–2007 i 2018–2021. Ostatni okres prac to weryfikacja archiwaliów, intensyfikacja badań nieinwazyjnych i prace wykopaliskowe obejmujące także osadę leżącą najbliżej grodu - Grzybowo, stan. 6.W wyniku badań osady stwierdzono jej intensywne użytkowanie. Ujawniono obiekty związane z produkcją i przetwarzaniem metali. A także rów, związany z najwcześniejszą fazą grzybowskiego grodu. Ten długi rów oddzielał od wschodu obszar, na którym gród powstał utrudniając do niego dostęp.Zrealizowane badania wykopaliskowe oraz nieinwazyjne pokazują, że osadnictwo otwarte związane z ośrodkiem grodowym w Grzybowie było znacznie bardziej intensywne niż sądzono do tej pory.
