We report the draft genome sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Choleraesuis strain GS-198, isolated from retail poultry meat in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India. The draft genome comprised 87 contigs with a total length of 4,937,349 bp and a G + C content of 52.2
Tropical theileriosis, a lymphoproliferative disease caused by Theileria annulata, remains a major threat to bovine health and productivity, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative therapeutic efficacy of buparvaquone alone and in combination with long-acting oxytetracycline and injectable trace minerals (ITMs) in neonatal calves naturally infected with T. annulata. Forty-three infected crossbred calves aged 7–90 days were enrolled and randomly assigned to four treatment groups. Hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated pre- and post-treatment (day 0 and day 14) to assess clinical recovery. Among enrolled calves, 30 completed the study. All treatment regimens resulted in significant hematological and metabolic improvements; however, the combination therapy of buparvaquone, oxytetracycline, and ITMs demonstrated the most profound recovery, with marked increases in erythrogram indices (TEC ↑93.0
This study investigated the in vitro acaricidal potential of crude leaf extracts of Datura stramonium prepared using aqueous, ethanolic, and hydro-ethanolic solvents against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. The objective was to assess their efficacy as potential botanical alternatives for tick control. Bioassays were performed using the Adult Immersion Test (AIT) on fully engorged female ticks at concentrations of 800, 400, 200, 100, and 50 mg/ml, and the Larval Packet Test (LPT) on unfed larvae at concentrations ranging from 3200 to 6.25 mg/ml. In adult ticks, the ethanolic and hydro-ethanolic extracts induced the highest adult tick mortality at 800 mg/ml, with calculated LC50 values of 388.8 and 347.9 mg/ml, respectively. The aqueous extract showed minimal adulticidal activity. In larval assays, the hydro-ethanolic extract resulted in 100
The study evaluated the effects of in ovo feeding and post-hatch dietary supplementation of L-carnitine on growth performance and feed cost in broiler chickens. Five hundred fertile CARIBRO VISHAL broiler eggs were incubated, and on day 18 the viable eggs were assigned to an un-injected control, a sham control, or an in ovo L-carnitine treatment. After hatching, 270 straight-run chicks were allocated to six treatment combinations comprising the three in ovo groups and two dietary treatments, with three replicates of 15 chicks in each combination. The dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet without or with 50 mg/kg L-carnitine. Birds were reared for six weeks, and weekly body weight, body-weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, and feed cost per kilogram of live-weight gain were evaluated. The interaction between in ovo treatment and dietary supplementation significantly affected body weight during the first and second weeks and body-weight gain during the early growth period. In ovo L-carnitine treatment significantly improved feed conversion ratio and reduced feed cost per kilogram of live-weight gain during the third week. However, these responses were not sustained throughout the six-week rearing period. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation alone did not consistently improve growth performance or economic indices. Overall, in ovo L-carnitine produced transient improvements in selected early growth and feed-efficiency measures, but no consistent advantage was evident over the complete production period.
INTRODUCTION:Cryopreservation of semen is commonly linked to reduced sperm movement, compromised membrane integrity, and reduced functional capacity due to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moringa oleifera leaf extract is recognized for its powerful antioxidant capabilities, which can neutralize ROS directly or boost the function of natural antioxidant enzymes. OBJECTIVE:This research was undertaken to assess the impact of incorporating moringa leaf extract into a TRIS-citrate-yolk extender on antioxidant enzyme activity, post-thaw sperm quality, and in vitro fertility in Barbari bucks. METHODS:Semen samples were obtained from eight healthy bucks and divided into four treatment groups based on the concentration of moringa extract in the extender 0 mg/100 mL (Group I), 50 mg/100 mL (Group II), 100 mg/100 mL (Group III), and 200 mg/100 mL (Group IV). Following cryopreservation and thawing, the sperm samples were assessed for various quality parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity, and zona binding capacity. RESULTS:The results indicated that adding moringa extract significantly reduced (p < 0.01) ROS generation and lipid peroxidation in all treatment groups compared with the control. Moreover, sperm motility, membrane integrity, and functional quality were better preserved in the extract-supplemented groups, with Group III showing the most notable improvement. The zona binding assay further confirmed enhanced sperm-egg interaction in the treated groups. CONCLUSION:The addition of moringa leaf extract to the extender effectively mitigates oxidative stress-related damage during cryopreservation and thawing, thereby improving sperm viability and fertility potential in Barbari buck semen. This method shows potential for enhancing reproductive outcomes in artificial insemination programs.
