The European Union (EU) increasingly formulates and implements foreign and security policy under the constraints of internal contestation, regional fragmentation and multipolar competition. While such contextual challenges can inhibit the EU from adopting an ambitious foreign and security policy, this Special Issue shows that the EU and its member states have developed ways of mitigating their impact. Through institutional, functional and diplomatic measures, the EU has managed to reduce the adverse effect of the contextual factors on its foreign and security policy towards conflicts and crises.
Objectifs. – Evaluer l’apport de la TDM Thoracique dans le diagnostic de la COVID-19 chez les patients suspects en prenant comme référence le Test RT – PCR et secondairement déterminer les anomalies scanographiques caractéristiques associés au Test RT – PCR. Matériels et méthodes. – Il s’est agi d’une étude rétrospective, descriptive à visée analytique, menée au service d’imagerie du CHU de Libreville. Aux vues de la disponibilité des dossiers nous avons exploité ceux de la période d’activité de mars à juin 2020, soit une période quatre mois. Cette étude a inclus tous les patients ayant une infection à SARS – CoV2 confirmée par la réaction de polymérase en chaine en temps réel (RT – PCR), après écouvillonnages nasal et/ou pharyngé et / ou les signes typiques de la pneumonie à COVID-19. Pour déterminer les anomalies scanographiques caractéristiques de la COVID-19 associées au test RT – PCR nous avons comparé 25 patients avec un test RT – PCR négatifs et 119 patients avec un test RT – PCR négatifs. Une valeur de p < 0,05 était considérée comme significative. La sensibilité de la TDM thoracique a été calculée à l’aide de la relation, Sensibilité=VP/ (VP+FN), (VP : vrai positif de la TDM : TDM positive et test RT PCR positif ; et le FN : Faux négatif de la TDM : TDM négative et test RT PCR positif). L’analyse statistique a été rendu possible grâce au logiciel SPSS 25. Résultats. – En régression logistique multivariée, les anomalies scanographiques caractéristiques de la COVID-19 positivement associés à un test RT – PCR positif étaient : verre dépoli, (OR = 33,236, IC95% [6,939 – 59,192], p=0,0001), la condensation alvéolaire (OR = 8,093 [1,488 – 44,013] ; p=0,016). La sensibilité du scanner thoracique pour le diagnostic de la COVID-19, chez les patients suspects était de 93,2%, la spécificité de 64,2% avec une valeur prédictive positive de 90,2% et une valeur prédictive négative de 73,0%. Conclusion. – Le diagnostic scanographique de la COVID-19 chez les patients suspects est aisé avec une bonne sensibilité et spécificité. La présence des anomalies scanographiques caractéristiques à type de verre dépoli et de condensation alvéolaire est associé à un test RT – PCR positif.
This paper describes how a system that performs Live Learning can be modified to use radar rather than visible light. The pipelined and iterative machine learning (ML) workflow of this system can operate at low network bandwidths for selective transmission of rare unlabeled events embedded in high-bandwidth real-time sensor data. While radar offers greater range and can overcome the severe signal attenuation experienced by visible light under conditions such as rain or fog, it poses a number of challenges for ML. This paper describes how these challenges can be overcome for Live Learning, and identifies some future directions for research.
Motivation - Learning is Urgent Can Live Learning enlarge a small training set of radar data (as with visual data) through prioritized transmission for labeling and edge-based model retraining?
(1) Background: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is one of the countries with the highest number of never vaccinated or “zero-dose” (ZD) children in the world. This study was conducted to examine the proportion of ZD children and associated factors in the DRC. (2) Methods: Child and household data from a provincial-level vaccination coverage survey conducted between November 2021–February 2021 and 2022 were used. ZD was defined as a child aged 12 to 23 months who had not received any dose of pentavalent (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)-Hepatitis B) vaccine (by card or recall). The proportion of ZD children was calculated and associated factors were explored using logistic regression, taking into account the complex sampling approach. (3) Results: The study included 51,054 children. The proportion of ZD children was 19.1% (95%CI: 19.0–19.2%); ZD ranged from 62.4% in Tshopo to 2.4% in Haut Lomami. After adjustment, being ZD was associated with low level of maternal education and having a young mother/guardian (aged ≤ 19 years); religious affiliation (willful failure to disclose religious affiliation as the highest associated factor compared to being Catholic, followed by Muslims, revival/independent church, Kimbanguist, Protestant); proxies for wealth such as not having a telephone or a radio; having to pay for a vaccination card or for another immunization-related service; not being able to name any vaccine-preventable disease. A child’s lack of civil registration was also associated with being ZD. (4) Conclusions: In 2021, one in five children aged 12–23 months in DRC had never been vaccinated. The factors associated with being a ZD child suggest inequalities in vaccination that must be further explored to better target appropriate interventions.
