The Li Keqiang Government is the Central People's Government of China from 2013. Premier Li Keqiang took office on 15 March 2013. It succeeded the Wen Jiabao government. Premier Li is ranked only second to Party general secretary Xi Jinping among 7 members of the 18th and 19th Politburo Standing Committee, top decision-making body of the Communist Party of China. During the 1st Session of the 12th National People's Congress in March 2013, Li Keqiang was appointed by new President Xi Jinping to replace Wen Jiabao as Premier of the State Council, China's head of government, according to the approval of the National People's Congress. During the 1st Session of the 13th National People's Congress in March 2018, Li Keqiang was appointed by President Xi according to the approval of the National People's Congress to re-serve as the Premier.According to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the President nominates the Premier of the State Council, and the Premier nominates the Vice-Premiers, State Councilors and Ministers. The nominations were approved by National People's Congress voting.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide. Despite improvements in screening programs, the incidence of early-onset CRC (EOCRC) in patients under 50 years old is rapidly increasing, including in Korea, in contrast to the decreasing trend of late-onset CRC (LOCRC). However, a comprehensive biological understanding of CRC’s coding and non-coding variants, onset-dependent prognostic variables, and the genetic and transcriptomic differences between EOCRC and LOCRC remains limited. To provide insights into this, we present a high-quality multi-omics dataset consisting of whole genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from 49 EOCRC and 50 LOCRC patients. WGS was performed using the DNBSEQ-T7 platform, generating 1.409 billion reads at an average depth of 37.70×. RNA-seq data previously generated from the same samples are included to support integrative analysis. This dataset enables comprehensive exploration of genomic and transcriptomic alterations in CRC and serves as a valuable resource for identifying onset-specific biomarkers and molecular features, ultimately supporting improved diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
Plant cuticle is the first hydrophobic barrier between the epidermis and the environment. Upon wounding, damaged tissues undergo healing processes that involve cuticle or callus formation at the wound site. However, signaling pathways that initiate cuticle development and callus formation in the wound-proximal region are still poorly understood. Here, we reveal that the FERONIA receptor-like kinase facilitates cuticle development in the epidermis and FER-mediated cuticle formation limits the propagation of wound-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), which trigger callus formation. Cuticle defects stimulate NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production, which leads to unrestricted callus formation. However, the cuticle formed in mesophyll cells in the vicinity of the wound suppresses ROS propagation, thereby preventing unorganized callus formation beyond the wound-proximal site and activating programmed cell death adjacent to the wound. These findings provide valuable insights into cuticle development in aerial tissues and its defensive function for preserving the integrity of undamaged regions.
The fruiting bodies of the Sanghwang mushroom (Phellinus linteus) have a long history of use in traditional medicine throughout Asia, particularly in Korea, Japan, and China. In this study, we investigated the effects of tyndallized lactic acid bacteria isolated from P. linteus (PL-tLB) in experimental models of atopic dermatitis (AD). HaCaT keratinocytes were stimulated with TNF-α/IFN-γ and subsequently treated with PL-tLB. PL-tLB suppressed inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression in a concentration-dependent manner. We further evaluated PL-tLB in a DNCB-induced AD-like mouse model. DNCB increased ear thickness and mast cell infiltration, whereas PL-tLB administration attenuated these changes. Real-time PCR analysis of ear tissue showed reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and partial recovery of genes associated with the skin barrier and tight junctions following PL-tLB administration. These preclinical findings indicate that PL-tLB may have potential as a functional material for supporting the management of AD-like inflammation and skin-barrier disruption. However, the active bacterial components and the respective contributions of the two constituent strains remain to be determined.
Although Phedimus hybridus has been used in traditional medicine, its extracts have not been extensively studied in terms of quantification of phytochemicals and application of advanced extraction methods. In this study, molecular identification, ultrasound-assisted extraction, phytochemical characterization, and bioactivity evaluation of P. hybridus were employed to assess its potential as a novel source of natural bioactive compounds. Molecular analysis confirmed that P. hybridus and P. yangshanicus constitute a distinct monophyletic group, evidenced by high bootstrap values and posterior probabilities, highlighting the genetic distinctiveness of P. hybridus. A phytochemical-rich extract was obtained, achieving an extraction yield of 14.79
Glycogen branching enzymes (GBEs) catalyze the formation of α-1,6-glucosidic branches during glycogen biosynthesis. In this study, we characterized the GBE from Vibrio vulnificus (VvGBE), highlighting its distinct transglycosylation activity and capacity to generate short-chain branches from defined maltooligosaccharides. The VvGBE crystal structure revealed a typical (β/α)8-barrel fold comprising four domains (N1, N2, A, and C), characteristic of type I GBEs. Key residues, including Y229, F312, N389, D423, and E476, formed a negatively charged substrate-binding pocket, with N389 influencing branch length by favoring shorter chains. Biochemical assays showed that VvGBE preferentially transfers glucan chains with a peak degree of polymerization (DP) of 5. Structural superposition with the cceBE1 ligand model indicated that its binding pocket accommodates six glucose residues, with Y229 playing a role in determining the branching pattern. Substrate analysis revealed that a minimum DP of 11 is required for branch activity. Shorter substrates (< 11 glucose units) bound at the A1 site (M490, F489) for α-1,4-chain elongation, whereas longer substrates (≥11 units) adopt a U-shaped conformation at the A2 site (W644, V530) to form α-1,6-branches, with Y433 essential for proper acceptor positioning. These results refine our understanding of GBE substrate specificity and provide a structural framework for enzyme engineering.
