The article analyses clothing damage resulting from the use of dangerous tools in criminal activities. Forensic examinations often encounter fabric and knitwear damage caused by tools such as knives, axes, machetes, daggers, and military double-edged knives. Despite publications on traces left by knives and axes, there is limited research covering other tools, justifying the need for more comprehensive studies. The project aimed to assess the ability to distinguish and correctly interpret traces on clothing caused by various dangerous tools. The research material included eight types of clothing and eight types of tools, such as knives, axes, screwdrivers, ice picks, and broken bottles. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage included experiments with widely used tools on four types of textiles, with the use of Styrofoam mannequins and ballistic gel acting as substrates. The second stage focused on less common tools and other textile materials. The research results allowed for the classification of traces based on the type of tools used. Distinctive features of damage were observed depending on the type of tool and clothing material. It was demonstrated that ballistic gel as a substrate is more effective in terms of obtaining realistic traces than a Styrofoam mannequin.
The aim of the research project was to develop a model of psychological assessment in juvenile cases corresponding to contemporary psychological knowledge and amended regulations regarding proceedings in cases of demoralization and juvenile delinquency. The provisions of the Act of June 9, 2022 on the support and social resocialization of minors apply in the scope of: proceedings in cases of demoralization (against persons who are over 10 years of age and who are not adults) and proceedings in cases of criminal acts (against persons who have committed such an act after the age of 13 but before the age of 17). The Act does not clearly explain the definition and criteria for recognizing demoralization of varying degrees. The legal act itself does not set a boundary between demoralized people, those at risk of demoralization, and those for whom the said threat does not occur. As part of the project, research was carried out with 117 psychology experts who assessed the importance of individual manifestations of demoralization (using a 5-point scale). Of the 47 factors indicated, according to the respondents, the most important factors are: regular mistreatment of the weaker, mobbing, bullying; animal abuse, regular use of intoxicants; practicing fornication, prostitution; burglary; arson. The least important factors are: listening to inappropriate music; improper eating habits; participation in demonstrations (e.g. regarding women’s rights, equality marches, etc.); negative attitude towards faith and religion. The result of the study was the development of an interview questionnaire taking into account various causes and manifestations of social maladjustment in juvenile, as well as risk and protective factors.
W Polsce eksploatowanych jest coraz więcej rowerów elektrycznych, a co za tym idzie – możemy spodziewać się także wzrostu liczby zdarzeń drogowych z ich udziałem. W literaturze niewiele jest wyników badań dynamiki ruchu takich rowerów, dlatego podjęto temat badawczy, aby choć częściowo uzupełnić braki. W artykule podano wyniki badań: przyspieszania i intensywnego hamowania, zmiany pasa ruchu i zawracania dwóch modeli rowerów elektrycznych marki Unibike, tj. Swift i Optima. Badania podstawowe zostały uzupełnione próbami hamowania wykonanymi na drogach rowerowych o nawierzchni asfaltowej i betonowej, kostce brukowej oraz pokrytej specjalną farbą.
