This study evaluates the effectiveness of natural zeolite (Shankhanai deposit, Kazakhstan) as a functional hydroponic substrate compared to a commercial foamed-glass control (GrowPlant). Using the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), we assessed the growth and metabolic responses of Medicago sativa L. and three cultivars of Lactuca sativa L. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis confirmed that zeolite (particle size 3.70 ± 1.20 mm) possesses a high specific surface area (21.80 m2/g), significantly exceeding the control (0.49 m2/g). This structure ensured superior moisture retention and cation exchange, even after a moderate decrease in surface area to 16.66 m2/g post-cultivation due to organic pore-filling. In M. sativa experiments, zeolite increased seedling viability and promoted a more branched root system compared to the artificial substrate. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolic profiling of L. sativa revealed a significant substrate-driven reprogramming: zeolite increased the relative proportion of fatty acids and their derivatives (up to +51.27% in May King variety roots), suggesting membrane-protective adaptation. Genotype-specific responses were observed, with the Yeralash cultivar showing increased polyol synthesis (+2.93%) for osmoregulation. The results demonstrate that natural zeolite is an efficient, stable substrate for intensive hydroponics, optimizing root development and physiological stability through enhanced nutrient and water management.
Viral and fungal diseases of greenhouse strawberries lead to significant crop losses, while traditional uniform spraying schemes do not account for the actual distribution of infection foci or changes in the microclimate. This paper proposes an integrated system for greenhouse farms that combines a stochastic SIRS model of the epidemic process with a microclimate-dependent infection coefficient beta eff(t), a computer vision module based on a lightweight YOLOv10n detector, and a mobile sprayer robot. For three sets of parameters corresponding to moderate infection, outbreak, and suppression scenarios, ensemble simulations are performed (100 realizations per scenario). The results show that the maximum number of infected plants reaches approximately 690 out of 1000 in the outbreak scenario and only about 28 out of 1000 in the suppression scenario, reflecting the effect of timely microclimate correction and local spraying. The YOLOv10n detector is used as a sensor to determine the proportion of affected plants I(0)/N and provides automatic formation of the initial conditions of the population model. The resulting forecasts then serve as the basis for selecting one of three operating modes for the spraying robot (observation, microclimate correction, local treatment). Unlike existing works that consider disease detection, epidemiological models, or robotic spraying separately, this paper proposes a unified closed-loop scheme of "computer vision-stochastic model-mobile robot," linking detection quality with epidemic process forecasting and treatment strategy. In this study, the feasibility of the proposed system was examined through numerical simulations, detector-level performance evaluation, and offline image-based integrated validation of the detector-to-decision workflow. Full closed-loop experiments in a real greenhouse environment are planned for future work.
контексте трансформации международных отношений возрастает влияние дискурсивных и восприимчивых факторов на формирование внешней политики. Национальный имидж, будучи комплексом внешних представлений, не только отражает позицию государства в системе международных отношений, но и определяет восприятие его политики другими странами. Средства массовой информации выступают ключевыми акторами в конструировании данного имиджа и продвижении внешнеполитических нарративов. В фокусе данного исследования – анализ материалов о Казахстане, опубликованных в китайских изданиях «Жэньминь жибао», «Синьхуа мэйжи дяньсюнь» и «Хуаньцю шибао» в период с 2013 по 2025 год. Цель работы заключается в том, чтобы выявить роль ведущих китайских СМИ в формировании имиджа Казахстана в условиях процесса углубления стратегического партнёрства между двумя странами и оценить последствия этого процесса для двухсторонних отношений. Проведённый контент и дискурс-анализ демонстрирует, что китайские медиа формируют целостный имидж Казахстана как стабильного, предсказуемого и стратегически значимого партнёра. Основной нарратив выстраивается вокруг тем высокоуровневого взаимодействия, стратегической сопряженности и конкретных достижений в различных сферах сотрудничества. Подобная репрезентация не только фиксирует позитивную динамику отношений, но и активно формирует восприятие казахстанского партнёра в Китае, укрепляя общественную поддержку сотрудничества и политическое доверие между сторонами. Таким образом, исследование вносит вклад в изучение взаимосвязи между медиадискурсом и внешней политикой. Полученные результаты раскрывают механизм, посредством которого медийная репрезентация легитимирует и продвигает повестку двухстороннего сотрудничества, что способствует углублению понимания как теории международных коммуникаций, так и практики публичной дипломатии в конкретном региональном контексте.
Kazakhstan's government has been pushing for English proficiency to become globally competitive. Rhetoric about global competitiveness has resulted in various policies to promote English teaching and learning in primary, secondary, and tertiary institutions. English has eventually evolved as the language of instruction in many universities. The direct language teaching approach has been the mainstay for teaching English as a foreign language (EFL), whereby school administrators do not permit teachers to use the mother tongue. Instead, they are to teach English monolingually. With the monolingual approach to teaching, the teacher does not need to know the local languages of the students and is supposed to be a native speaker or have native-like proficiency in the English language. Most of the English teachers in Kazakhstan are local. This qualitative study explored English teachers' experiences in elementary and secondary schools in Kazakhstan and how they navigated their daily lives in the classroom teaching EFL. The findings indicated that teachers have long been practicing creative maladjustment and creative subversion by utilizing a translanguaging approach to teaching English without knowing the efficacy of translanguaging in language learning. This article suggests introducing and developing translingual art-based practices for teaching and learning English in Kazakhstan.
The article addresses the challenges of modernizing Kazakhstan’s railway infrastructure under conditions of technological dependence on foreign automation systems and obsolete relay-based equipment. These factors pose significant risks to economic and information security and limit the throughput capacity of level crossings. A digital system, KZ-DALCS-AI, is proposed, based on a multi-level safety architecture and the integration of artificial intelligence into monitoring and control processes. A key component is an obstacle detection and classification algorithm that considers object types (vehicles, humans and animals, foreign objects, and environmental factors) and enables intelligent real-time decision making using the KZ-ODC-AI controller with data from video surveillance, microwave sensors, and inductive loops. The system architecture, operational logic, and level crossing control algorithm are developed, including optimization of closing time by minimizing the deviation between calculated and actual values. The results of the performed calculations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed notification algorithm, ensuring the required level of safety while reducing unnecessary delays for road traffic. The implementation of the system improves throughput, reduces operational costs, enhances reliability, and minimizes the impact of the human factor.
