A large transient multi-scenario and multi-model ensemble of future streamflow and groundwater projections in France developed in a national project named Explore2 was recently made available. The main objective of Explore2 is to provide rich and spatially-consistent information for the future evolution of hydrological (surface and groundwater) resources and extremes in France to support adaptation strategies. The Explore2 dataset was obtained using a nested multi-scenario multi-model approach to estimate future uncertainty and to assess local climate at the catchment scale: three greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios, a set of 17 combinations of Global Climate Models and Regional Climate Models (GCM/RCM), and two bias correction methods provide the meteorological forcing for nine surface hydrology models and four groundwater hydrology models (one to simulate groundwater recharge and three to simulate groundwater level). In this paper, we present the methodology underlying the dataset, the evaluation of the hydrological models against daily observations of streamflow and groundwater level, and the key messages on the impact of climate change on both mean river flows and groundwater recharge. This large set of hydrological projections shows a high model agreement on the decrease in seasonal flows in the South of France under the RCP8.5 high-emission scenario, confirming its hotspot status. The surface hydrological models agree on the decrease in summer flows across France under the RCP8.5 scenario, with the exception of northern part France. This area may indeed benefit from more active winter recharge that may counterbalance decrease in summer precipitation and increase in evapotranspiration. In addition to northern France, annual groundwater recharge is projected to increase slightly in the north-east while remaining unchanged elsewhere by the end of the century, according to the RCP8.5 scenario. In the mountainous areas, winter flows will increase as a result of higher air temperature and the high degree of agreement between the models holds regardless of the RCP considered. Unsurprisingly, the higher the GHG emission scenario, the higher the median changes. Most of these changes are organised in France along a north-south gradient, regardless of the RCP considered.
Nurses in Africa are exposed to musculoskeletal disorders at work (WMSDs). They are multifactorial and may be related to demographic, economic, and quality-of-life factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nurses’ age, experience, body mass index (BMI), and macroscopic indices such as nurse-to-bed ratio, Human Development Index (HDI), and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on the overall prevalence and prevalence by body area. A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted during September 2025. ScienceDirect, PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Science.gov, and Mendeley were scanned without a date limit. The article selection, review, critical appraisal, and data extraction were performed by two authors independently. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used for reporting the search results. Among the 4305 identified records, 18 studies included for a total of 4266. The overall prevalence was pooled at 77.4%. Subgroup analyses demonstrated a decrease in WMSDs with age, and nurse-to-bed ratio, and an increase in lower limb WMSDs with experience, BMI, GDP, and HDI (for most of body areas). Future work could examine the effect of the nurse-to-bed ratio by considering the resources of a facility and conducting more in-depth analyses by subgroup. The development of ergonomic programs remains essential to the well-being at work of African nurses.
Le bassin du Niger représente un important potentiel de développement régional, en particulier s’agissant de l’irrigation et de l’hydroélectricité. Un enjeu majeur pour l’Autorité du Bassin du Niger (ABN) et ses neuf États membres est la cohérence globale de l’aménagement du bassin et de sa gestion. Les grands barrages structurants existants sont Sélingué au Mali, Kandadji au Niger, Kainji, Jebba, Shiroro, Dadin Kowa au Nigeria et Lagdo au Cameroun. Les projets en cours sont ceux de Fomi et Taoussa en Guinée et au Mali. L’Annexe 2 à la Charte de l’eau de l’ABN relative au Règlement d’eau pour la gestion coordonnée des barrages structurants a été élaborée en 2019 par le groupement CACG – OIEau – Nodalis - ISL et validée fin 2019 par le Conseil des Ministres de l’ABN. Sa mise en application repose sur une actualisation du modèle d’allocation des ressources en eau de l’ABN et sur un outil de gestion tactique. Outre le recueil des données et l’opérationnalisation des prévisions, les améliorations possibles de la gestion coordonnée des barrages du bassin du Niger concernent en particulier la mise en oeuvre du Comité Technique Permanent de l’ABN, en charge de l’application du Règlement de gestion coordonnée. Plus généralement une organisation institutionnelle cohérente est nécessaire, ainsi qu’une reconnaissance justifiée du rôle de l’ABN.
